—The large intestine consists
of the enteric nervous system that provides intrinsic signals for
contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle cells in the
intestine.
—The meissener’s plexus present in the submucosal layer of large
intestine and myenteric plexus present in the muscularis externa
layer between circular and longitudinal muscle layer form the major
part of enteric nervous system.
In aganglionic megacolon or Hirschsprung disease, the ganglionic
cell of meissner plexus and myenteric plexus fails to migrate and
develop. This results in absence of complete or part of meissener
plexus and myenteric plexus.
—Due to absence of enteric nervous system the control of muscles of large intestine is disturbed and results in failure to relax the intestinal muscles.
—The muscles of large intestine remains constricted due to effect of extrinsic regulation by nervous system.
—Due to constant constriction of smooth muscles of large intestine and failure to relax passing of stool becomes difficult resulting in constipation.
A two-year-old has been diagnosed with aganglionic megacolon. Explain the anatomical structure that is problematic and...
A 59-year-old patient has been diagnosed with endometrial cancer and admitted for a radical hysterectomy with bilateral lymphadenectomy. The procedure will be performed through a midline incision and is expected to take 3 hours. 1. What anatomical structures will be sent for pathology?
The patient is a 75 year old female who has just been diagnosed with lung cancer. Her health history includes breast cancer 15 years ago and osteoporosis. 1. What diagnostic tests could have been used to diagnose the cancer. 2. Discuss the different treatments that the patient experience, including advantages and disadvantages of each type and overall prognosis. 3. Explain why the lung is a common site for secondary cancer. 4. What signs and symptoms related to the pulmonary system...
Franky, a 40 year old female patient, has been diagnosed with T2DM. She was not aware that she had any medical problems until she went for a physical. Her blood glucose test results were above 300 and her HgA1c is above 15. 1. What symptoms do you think may have been present that she might not have realized were important? 2. What role do diet and exercise play in control of glucose levels with this type of diabetes? 3. Can...
CASE STUDY A 59-year-old patient has been diagnosed with endometrial cancer and admitted for a radical hysterectomy with bilateral lymphadenectomy. The procedure will be performed through a midline incision and is expected to take 3 hours. 1. What anatomical structures will be sent for pathology? 2. What specific patient care is required between the time the patient is transported to the OR and the patient is anesthetized? Guacolonical and o3. Which abdominal self-retaining retractors might be ing retractors might be used in this...
OP, a 55-year-old patient, was recently diagnosed with bronchial asthma. In the past year, OP has had three asthma attacks that have been treated with prednisone and an albuterol inhaler. Explain the purpose for the use of prednisone during an asthma attack. Explain why the dosage is tapered over days. Can cromolyn sodium be substituted for prednisone during an asthmatic attack? What effect does albuterol have on controlling asthma? What instruction should the patient be given concerning use of the...
a 28 year old male has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. his health care provider has prescribed dicyclomine 20 mg TID. what side effect should be indicated in the patient counseling?
Scenario 1 RR is a 58 year old man who has had been diagnosed with hypertension of 178/92 and hyperlipidemia. Over the course of 1 year he has had several blood pressure checks and medications have been added. Currently his blood pressure is running 128/66 He is currently prescribed metoprololopressor), lisinopril (zestril), and hydrochlorothiazide for the hypertension and pravastatin (pravachol). 1. When he asks the nurse why he has so many medications now that his blood pressure is low -...
A 56-year-old patient has been diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Discuss the differences in nursing management between myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis.
The nurse has taught the parent of a 9 year old who has been newly diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis. Which of the following statements of the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching 1. the infection produces a profuse watery discharge 2. I should clean my child's eyelids and eyelashes with soap and water before adding medication 3. my child's eye may be sensitive to light until the infection resolves 4. the prescribed eyedrops should be used in...
Scenario 3 GG is 60 years old and has been diagnosed for 1 year with mild right-sided heart failure (congestive heart failure) prescribed furosemide (lasix) 20 mg twice a day. 1. a) Should additional medications be prescribed? b) Why? 2. What other education should be given for G G's congestive heart failure?