Question

PN 200 Fundamentals of Nursing II Grading Rubric: Laboratory and Diagnostic Test Section I Indications Section II Nursing Interventions Section III Potential Complication Section IV Outcome/Evaluation Section V Patient Teaching 15 Points 20 Points 20 Points 20 Points 25 Points Section I Why is this test indicated? What disease process can be identified/confirmed by completing this test? Be sure to include normal values. (Please use your de Wit textbook for normal values) Section II What do you have to do to prepare the patient? NPO? Check for anticoagulants? (Use critical thinking skills to apply to what you will be doing) Section III List potential complications for which you would assess the patient Section IV You can choose good or bad outcomes for evaluation Section V List teaching points about the test that are important for the patient to know for their own safety and will contribute to a positive outcome 1/20

Answer 1

SERUM PROTEIN TEST :

A total serum protein test measures the total amount of protein in blood.It also measures the amounts of two major groups of protein in the blood.albumin and globulin.Albumin is made mainly in the liver.It helps keep the blood from leaking out of blood vessels.This carries medicines and hormones throughout our body.Also helps in tissue growth and healing.Globulin are also a group of proteins that mainly help fight infection and transport nutrients.

Normal range of serum protein is 6-8 gram per deciliter

albumin makes 3.5-5 and remaining is globulin.

INDICATIONS:

• As a routine health checkup
• unexpected weight loss
• loss of appetite
• fatigue
• edema or swelling due to excess tissue fluid
• difficulty in urinating
• nausea or vomiting
• symptoms of nutritional deficiency
• leukemia
• bone marrow disorders

PREPARATION OF PATIENT:

Unless instructed otherwise,people do note need to make any special preparations before taking the test.A serum total protein test involves drawing a sample of blood from a vein located in the arm.No other preparation of the patient can be done.many medications can affect the total protein test results.

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS:

complications after the procedure is usually uncommon. in some cases bruising over the site may occur.

bleeding

infection may occur

results:

High protein level indicates that shows the sign of chronic infection or inflammation.It can also be the an early sign of a bone marrow disorder.

Low protein level shows the sign of liver or kidney disorder or digestive disorder like celiac disease

Low albumin globulin ratio indicates auto immune disorders. High albumin globulin ratio can be the sign of disease in your liver,kidney,or intestines.It is also linked to low thyroid activity and leukemia.

protein play essential role in supporting vital bodily functions such as digestion ,blood clotting,and energy production.a health care provider may perform a total protein test during a routine health checkup.A total protein test measures the amount of protein present in blood serum or urine.A total protein test can detect normal or abnormal protein levels which can help diagnose medical conditions such as kidney and liver diseases.

BLOOD UREA NITROGEN:

A blood urea nitrogen test measures the amount of nitrogen in your blood that comes from the waste product urea.urea is made when protein is broken down in our body.urea is made in the liver and passed out of our body through urine.This test is done to see how well our kidneys are working.

NORMAL LEVELS:

adult men : 8-24 mg/dl

adult women;6-21 mg/dl

child: 7-20 mg/dl

INDICATIONS:

• liver damage
• malnutrition
• poor circulation
• dehydration
• urinary tract obstruction
• congestive cardiac failure
• gastrointestinal bleeding
• effectiveness of dialysis treatment

PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT :

This test doesn't requires any preparation.however it is important to tell if you are taking any prescription or over the counter drugs.Certain medications can change the value.

usually blood is taken through vein of the arm.

Results:

Higher level can indicate

1 heart disease

2 congestive cardiac failure

3 recent heart attack

4 gastrointestinal bleeding

5 dehydration

6 kidney failure

7 shock

8 stress

Lower level indicates

1 liver failure

2 malnutrition

3 severe lack of protein

4 over hydration

POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS:

• bleeding at the puncture site
• bruising
• accumulation of blood under the skin
• infection at the puncture site

points to remember:

A BUN test is a quick and simple blood test commonly used to evaluate kidney function.abnormally high or low BUN levelss don't necessarily mean you have problems with kidney function.If the doctor suspects that you have a kidney kidney disease or another heath condition they will order additional tests to confirm a diagnosis and determine the cause.