Question

3. Explain the differences between the innate and adaptive immune defenses.

Answer 1

Innate immunity - It is the primary immunity of the human body present with birth, it also called non-specific immunity because it does not care about the type and the structure of antigens, it is a first-line defense for all types of antigens.

Example - Physical barrier like skin protects us from all antigens.

GI tract, Respiratory tract, Mucos membrane and Ciilia in the respiratory tract.

Chemical barrier - Chemicals in the blood

Cells - Phagocytes (It engulf and digest foreign particles)

Macrophages, Mast cells, Neutrophils, etc

Adaptive immunity - This is also known as acquired immunity because it is acquired after birth. It is also known as specific immunity because it contains highly specialized cells to fight with different types of antigens.

It can create an immunological memory for new types of infection to prevent it in the future like we only suffered once in chickenpox in our whole life.

This immune system creates a specific antibody against specific types of antigens, to kill them.

Examples of are B cells and T cells.

This immunity can be acquired by immunization, naturally in the body against any infection, can be transferred from mother or antibodies can be directly injected.