1) The adaptive immune system is slower to respond than the innate system after first exposure to an allergen because:
The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity. In humans, the blood–brain barrier, blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and similar fluid–brain barriers separate the peripheral immune system from the neuroimmune system which protects the brain.
Innate immune system | Adaptive immune system |
---|---|
Response is non-specific | Pathogen and antigen specific response |
Exposure leads to immediate maximal response | Lag time between exposure and maximal response |
Cell-mediated and humoral components | Cell-mediated and humoral components |
No immunological memory | Exposure leads to immunological memory |
Found in nearly all forms of life | Found only in jawed vertebrates |
Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms,[1] including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.
Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.[2] Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
1) The adaptive immune system is slower to respond than the innate system after first exposure...
help!! Immune system is our body defense system against foreign pathogens. Describe how innate and adaptive immunity respond and defend against a novel virus, such as SARS-CoV-2
1. Find the false statement. a. the adaptive immune response is slower but more specific than the innate response b. the innate immune response includes inflammation, phagocytes, and complement c. T cells have TCRs which are analogous in function to BCRs on B cells d. B cells do not require activated helper T cells to be activated e. cytotoxic T lymphocytes seek out and kill infected host cells that display foreign antigens with their MHC I 2. Which of these...
1.Which cells are the link between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system? 1. A. Memory cells B. Cytotoxic T-cells C. Antigen-Presenting cells D. Endothelial cells 2.Epidemiological clues to the cause of an infectious disease include statistics on: A. age, geographic location, genetics, and sex of victims B. rate and pattern of spread through a population C. time of year D. all of the above
Why does the primary adaptive immune response take longer to manifest than the innate immune response? (in details please)
Create a concept map using all the listed terms: Innate immune system Adaptive immune system Specific immune response nonspecific immune response neutrophils histamine lysozyme skin phagocytic cells cytokines antimicrobial proteins granulocytes natural killer cells CD8 T cells CD4 T cells PAMP leukocytes Bile Microbiota Cytotoxic T cell B cell Antibodies
What is a component of the innate immune system that plays an important role in the first line of defense? What is a a component of the adaptive immune system that plays an important role in the third line of defense?
Vaccinations require that humans have which type of immune system? innate immune system adaptive immune system all of the above 10 points QUESTION 2 Which of the following are examples of antigens? one of a group of proteins found in the blood that leads to the clumping of foreign blood cells proteins embedded in the membranes of T cells foreign molecules that trigger antibody production proteins that trigger the end of the inflammatory response 10 points QUESTION 3...
25. The inflammatory response ... A. involves mainly the adaptive immune response rather than the innate B. causes leukocytes to adhere to, and then to leak through, blood vessel walls C. involves constriction of capillaries to reserve blood for vital organs D. can only occur in response to bacterial replication in the body E. results in an large increase in blood pressure and volume
Immune System Worksheet Line of Defense Innate or Adaptive? Overall Function Structures/Cells/Mechanisms Involved And How Each Functions 1st Line of Defense 2nd Line of Defense 3rd Line of Defense
Antigen presenting cells link innate and adaptive immune responses. In the theoretical scenario where phagosomes cannot be formed, phagocytosis is made ineffective. a. Would any cytotoxic T cells activity be observed? Explain in less than 25 words.