Outline the Innate (Non-specific) Immune system, both the 1st and 2nd line of defenses.
Immune system has 3 Lines of defence mechanism:
First line and second line for innate immunity and third line for
acquired immunity.
Innate (nonspecific)immunity defences includes physical and
chemical barriers, which is considered has 1st line defences and
inflammatory response ,interferon is considered has 2nd line
defences.
Physical barriers includes
1)skin: skin acts barrier between pathogens and body .because skin
has thick layer of dead cells in the epidermis that removes
microbes by periodic shedding.
2)Tears,mucus,saliva:through nose,ear,eyes pathogens are enter into
the body .however tears,mucus,saliva breakdown the cell wall of
bacteria by enzymes present in the secretions.
3)Hair:prevents the entry of air containing
microbes,dust,pollutants by acting as nose filters
4)urine:urine flushes microbes out of the urethra.
5)Defecation and vomiting also expel the microorganisms.
Chemical barriers includes
1)stomach produces gastric juice (pH 2) that inhibit the growth of
microorganisms.
2)sebum:protective film over skin, fatty acids in oil reduce pH
which inhibites growth of some microbes.
3)Genitourinary:flushing of urinary tract to prevent
colonization
-acidic vaginal secretions
4)saliva dilutes the no of microorganisms and washes the mouth and
teeth.
5)lysozyme present in saliva can break cell wall of
microorganisms
2nd line defences
Another type of defense is the mechanism in which WHite blood cells called monocytes and granulocyte reach the injured area.Basophils release histamine thet release in increased local blood flow and permeability and allows phagocytozing cells to enter the area.This can result in fever and also leakage of fibrinogen like clottingfactor can cause the tissue to get blocked by clots and retard the spread of bacteria.
Interferons are proteins releeased by a virus invaded cell that prompt surrounding cells to produce enzymes that affect viral replication.The reason why infection with one virus precludes infection by a second virus is interferons.
Outline the Innate (Non-specific) Immune system, both the 1st and 2nd line of defenses.
Explain how the interplay between the skin and all other 1st and 2nd line non-specific immune defense mechanisms protect you from microbial invasion.
Immune System Worksheet Line of Defense Innate or Adaptive? Overall Function Structures/Cells/Mechanisms Involved And How Each Functions 1st Line of Defense 2nd Line of Defense 3rd Line of Defense
The innate immune system tends to have non-specific responses to pathogens with antimicrobial peptides. However, scientists create antimicrobial compounds which are very target specific. Explain the differences in strategy (specific vs non-specific).
3. Explain the differences between the innate and adaptive immune defenses.
Outline the type of immune responses to diphtheria. Innate and/or adaptive?
Create a concept map using all the listed terms: Innate immune system Adaptive immune system Specific immune response nonspecific immune response neutrophils histamine lysozyme skin phagocytic cells cytokines antimicrobial proteins granulocytes natural killer cells CD8 T cells CD4 T cells PAMP leukocytes Bile Microbiota Cytotoxic T cell B cell Antibodies
As a component of our physical barriers, what are non-specific defenses said to do? A. be an integral part of the host cell immune defenses. B. respond to the antigens by making the antibodies. C. include cells that line body surfaces and chemicals they secrete. D. includes cells that are phagocytes and interferons.
Innate immunity: metaphor Imagine the siege of a castle. All of a sudden, the besiegers break through the castle’s defenses. During the invasion, the invader breaches the castle’s first line of defense. The defenders meet it with more powerful weapons and specialized troops. The same scenario is true of invading pathogens. Think of another logical metaphor that explains the features and functioning of the innate immune system. Draw your metaphor in cartoon-style, label each of the following immune-system components in...
What is a component of the innate immune system that plays an important role in the first line of defense? What is a a component of the adaptive immune system that plays an important role in the third line of defense?
1. Briefly explain how the interplay between the skin and all other 1st and 2nd line non-specific immune defense mechanisms protect you from microbial invasion. 2. Briefly explain how the inflammatory process is initiated and how the underlying events contribute to the observed symptoms.