Question

Examples of PPAARE questions to be used in evidence based practice.

Answer 1

PPAARE: Problem; Patient; Action; Alternative; Results, Evidence

Application of Patient Care PPAARE

Patient Care Example: A mother accompanies her 15 year old son to an appointment at the family physician’s office to receive a physical for playing football. The mother asks the health care provider whether or not her son should get the HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) vaccine, the same one that her daughters received when they were teenagers?

Identify:

Problem

Patient

Action

Alternative Action (not a required component)

Result

Patient Care PPAARE Question

What is the highest level of evidence available to determine whether a patient with (P=disease or condition) who is (P=demographics or risk factors) benefits from (A=Action) as compared to (A=Alternative) to produce, improve, or reduce the (R=Result).

Use this example and write a patient care question related to the example of the HPV vaccine.

ANSWER: What is the highest level of evidence available to determine whether a patient without HPV who is a 15 year old male benefits from the HPV vaccine to reduce susceptibility of contracting HPV.

Search Terms for Patient Care PPAARE

Search Words Corresponding to PPAARE	Alternative Words or Synonyms	Search Words to be Excluded for Search
P
P
A
A
R

Search words Alternative words

P=without HPV

P=15 year old male male teenager or adolescent

A=HPV vaccine

A=none

R=prevent HPV papilloma virus immunization

Application of Public or Community Health PPAARE

Public or Community Health Example: The medical staff at the local hospital has noticed an increase in the number of people who suffer from mental and physical exhaustion. These people are caregivers to family members who have dementia or Alzheimer disease. Staff members want to work with the public health department to implement a community intervention program to provide support to the caregivers.

Identify:

Problem

Patient

Action

Alternative Action (not a required component)

Result

Public and Community Health PPAARE Question

What is the highest level of evidence available to determine whether a community or population with (P=disease or condition) who is (P=demographics or risk factors) benefits from (A= implementation of a health program) as compared to (A=Alternative) to produce, improve, or reduce the (R=Result).

Use this example and write a question related to the example of the caregiver situation.

ANSWER: What is the highest level of evidence available to determine whether a population exhibiting exhaustion, who is fulfilling the role as a caregiver to a family member with dementia or Alzheimer disease, benefits from a community health intervention program to improve the mental and physical health of the caregiver.

Search Terms for Public or Community Health PPAARE

Search Words Corresponding to PPAARE	Alternative Words or Synonyms	Search Words to be Excluded for Search
P
P
A
A
R

Search words Alternative words

P=exhaustion

P=caregiver to a family member with

dementia or Alzheimer disease

A=community health program public health

A=none

R=improve the mental and physical health pyschology

Application of Epidemiological PPAARE

Epidemiological Example: You are part of an interprofessional team of health care professionals who has been given the responsibility of determining a protocol for an outbreak of Avian influenza in the state.

Identify:

Problem

Patient

Action

Alternative Action

Result

Epidemiological PPAARE Question

What is the highest level of evidence available to determine whether a population with (P=disease or injury) who is (P=demographics or risk factors) benefits from (A=control or prevention strategy) as compared to (A=Alternative) to produce, improve, or reduce the (R=Result).

Use this example and write a question related to the example of the breathing difficulty situation.

ANSWER: What is the highest level of evidence available to determine whether a population with Avian influenza who is exposed benefits from an established protocol to control the flu, to reduce the incidence (number of new individuals who contract the disease) of this disease.

Search Terms for Epidemiological PPAARE

Search Words Corresponding to PPAARE	Alternative Words or Synonyms	Search Words to be Excluded for Search
P
P
A
A
R

Search words Alternative words

P=Avian flu bird influenza

P=exposure to Avian flu epidemiology, prevention and control

A=establish a protocol guidelines

A=none

R=reduce the incidence of Avian flu

Application of Understanding Patient Experiences and Perceptions PPAARE

Example: A 48 year old male comes to the office recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. As a health care provider, you want to understand the male perspective of having this disease to help this patient prepare for the challenges that he faces.

Identify:

Problem

Patient

Action

Alternative Action (not a required component)

Result

Patient Experiences and Perceptions PPAARE Question

What is the highest level of evidence available to determine the experiences or perceptions of (P=disease, condition, access to care problems) in a (P=demographics or risk factors) patient to (A=gain knowledge) to produce, improve, or reduce the (R=Result).

Use this example and write a question related to the example of the rheumatoid arthritis situation.

ANSWER: What is the highest level of evidence available to determine the experiences of rheumatoid arthritis in a 48 year old male patient, to gain knowledge to improve the challenges the patient faces in the future.

Search Terms for Understanding Patient Experiences and Perceptions PPPAARE

Search Words Corresponding to PPAARE	Alternative Words or Synonyms	Search Words to be Excluded for Search
P
P
A
A
R

Search words Alternative words

P=rheumatoid arthritis experiences

P=48 year old male adult male

A=gain an understanding qualitative research

A=none

R=improve the challenges the patient faces in the future