Question

1. Define pharmacodynamics and its relationship to the action of drugs on the body.
2. Discuss dose-response relationships (e.g., basic features of the dose-response relationships, maximal efficacy, and relative potency), the effects drugs can produce, and the amount of drug needed to elicit an effect.
3. Discuss properties of drug-receptor interactions (e.g., drug receptors, four primary receptor families, receptors and selectivity for drug action, theories of drug-receptor interaction, agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and regulation of receptor sensitivity).
4. Describe how receptors function in the responses to many drugs and physiologic processes, such as the activity of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.
5. Differentiate drugs that are agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists.
6. List the four primary families of receptors.
7. Discuss “receptorless drugs” (e.g., antacids, antiseptics, saline laxatives, chelating agents, and so on).
8. Discuss interpatient variability in drug responses and describe how to measure variability.
9. Define the ED₅₀ and the LD₅₀.
10. Discuss the concept of a drug’s therapeutic index and its application and benefits to clinical practice, such as the relationships between the doses of a drug and whether its effects are subtherapeutic (inadequate response), therapeutic (desired response), or toxic (adverse effects related to excessive dosage).
11. Discuss the role of the nurse in achieving therapeutic responses of selected medications.
12. Implement effective communication tools to advocate for patients in the clinical setting.
13. Identify electronic resources available for determining action, side effects, therapeutic index, and anticipated effects of drugs.

Answer 1

Q. No 1. Answer :

Pharmacodynemics : it is defined as study of the physiological and biochemical effects of the drug , that means study of how a drug is affects an organism.

According to Pharmacodynemics the drug may binds with the receptors in the body and it will show affect on organism by releasing chemicals which are presenting in drug.

Q. No 5. Answer :

Agonist drugs :

Agonist which is a chemical, it binds with the receptors and activates the receptors to produce biological response. That means agonist causes the action.

Partial agonist or antagonist :

It is a type of receptor ligands , it will blocks the biological response by binding the receptors.

Antagonist is, which is blocks the action of the agonist.

Q. No 9. Answer :

Ed 50 defined as it is a effective dose 50 it is one of the pharmacological term for the dose, the drug produces the therapeutic response or effect of drug is 50% of the taking it.

It is also called as median dose.

LD 50 definition :

It is a Lethal dose it means an amount of material given at all once ,it leads to death of 50 % of group of testing animals due to the lethal dose.

Q. No 11. Answer :

Role of nurse in achieving therapeutic responses of selected medications :

* nurse must follow all rights of medications like right dose, right route, right clients, right time, right region, right documentation, right medicine.

* blood examination should be done in between drugs administration to know toxicity levels.

* avoid medications error.

* create awareness regarding drug usage among the consumers.