Question

Using the concept/s of innate and acquired immunity in your discussion: explain and give two or three examples on the following:

1. How the body recognizes itself as “self” or “foreign”.

2. Choose any here of the microbial species we have learn so far and disuxss/explain how the body deals with it as easier a Microbiota or a pathogen.

3. Are here any preventive measure available for your chose microbial species? If so, discuss and explain

Answer 1

Q. No. 1. Answer :

The immune system is having capacity to recognizes the self and foreign materials or antigens.

For example T lymphocytes are having some identification molecules on them , with that molecules it can recognize the self and foreign, self are the antibodies which are present in our body, foreign are antigens  which are comes and enter into our body.

These antigens does not matches to the molecules of the cells which are there in our body like antibodies.

Based on the proteins present on surface of the cells , the bacteria, viruses, and protozoas are having different proteins, so when these microorganisms enters in our body, our body cells are identify those foreisnacks.

So our body distinguish the self and foreign.

Ex: IgG, IgA, IgM immunoglobulines are antibodies in our body, self protected cells.

WBC Are protective cells.

Antigens are bacterias, viruses, fungi, ect

Q. No 2. Answer :

So many microbial species are there those are kingdom like bacteria, fungi, protozoa.

Class,

Order,

Family,

Genus ect.

So our body deals with these like, when the microorganisms like bacteria and viruses into our body, these are have some different cells than our body cells.

So our body cells recognizes that foreign bodies, and release some antibodies to destroy that antigens.

Q. No. 3. Answer :

Yes, preventive measures are available to these kingdom microbial species like bacterias and viruses.

Those are :

* maintaining aseptic techniques, like hand hygiene before handling any thing.

* using personal protective equipments like gown, glove, mask, goggles, shoe ect while caring infectious client.

* by maintaining proper environmental hygiene like good light and temperature and humility.

* maintaining of healthy life style by maintaining adequate immune system by talking nutritious diet and good healthy living life styles.

* avoid exposure to infections and allergies.

These are some preventive measures to decrease spreading of microbial species.