Question

Assessing clients understanding of nephrotic syndrome and normal glomerular filtration and nutritional therapy for this condition?

Answer 1

ANSWER

Nephrotic syndrome:- the nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease including heavy protienuria, edema, hyperlipidemia, hypoalbunemia.

causes of nephrotic syndrome are:- focal segmental glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:- The basic pathophysiology behind nephrotic syndrome is damage to the glomerular membrane which leads to passage of proteins in the urine like albumin causing proteinuria leading to hypoalbunemia which causes edema.

liver tries to compensate and forms more lipids causing hyperlipidemia.

TREATMENT:- NUTRITIONAL : A total of 35 kcal/kg body weight/day is normally recommended.This diet should also comply with two more requirements: the first is to not consume more than 1 g of protein/kg body weight/ day,as a greater amount could increase the degree of proteinuria and cause a negative nitrogen balance.Patients are usually recommended lean cuts of meat, fish, and poultry. The second guideline requires that the amount of water ingested is not greater than the level of diuresis. In order to facilitate this the consumption of salt must also be controlled, as this contributes to water retention. It is advisable to restrict the ingestion of sodium to 1 or 2 g/day, which means that salt cannot be used in cooking and salty foods should also be avoided. Foods high in sodium include seasoning blends (garlic salt, Adobo, season salt, etc.) canned soups, canned vegetables containing salt, luncheon meats including turkey, ham, bologna, and salami, prepared foods, fast foods, soy sauce, ketchup, and salad dressings. On food labels, compare milligrams of sodium to calories per serving. Sodium should be less than or equal to calories per serving.