Question

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A 28 year old man with a history of intravenous drug use was admitted to the hospital in pulmonary distress. He complained of a severe headache and had skin lesions, nausea, and diarrhea. A lumbar puncture was performed with the following results: glucose 56 mg/dl, protein 42 mg/dl, few WBCs, and few RBCs. C&S of the CSF, sputum, skin lesion, and blood culture grew what you see in the pictures below. Note that serological testing for HIV was also positive 6 J. Ito (2 points) This encapsulated yeast was evident throughout all his specimens. What special stain could have been used at the time his specimens were first collected? (1 points) What is the probably genus and species? (2 points) From what source is this infection usually acquired? (2 points) Were the CSF chemistry and cell evaluation results abnormal? If yes, explain what the normal results should have shown. If no, explain why the results were normal even though the patient has an infectious process happening in his body. 4 (2 points) What are the global implications of this type of infection?

Answer 1

answers:-

1. yeast : Cryptococcus neoformans

special stain used :- masson fontana silver stain

2. cryptococcus neoformans

3. Infection is usually acquired by inhalation of the spores. Disseminated infection occurs due to intravenous drug use.

4. CSF examination is normal.

5. Cryptococcus infection is an invasive distributed pathogen all around the world.