Question

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A 66 year old retiree decided to landscape his front yard. The project took 2 months to complete. He was in good health except that he began to notice his left knee was tightening up and he had trouble extending it. He consulted with an orthopedic surgeon and underwent arthroscopy of his knee. Following the procedure, he had physical therapy but his knee did not improve and instead became tender and swollen. Finally, the surgeon received the culture report on the arthrocentesis fluid. The first 2 pictures show the fungus growth at room temperature and the last picture at 37 degree C. (1 points) What is the term for a fungus that shows different morphologies at different temperatures? (2 points) What is the probable genus and species? 4 2 points) How did the patient acquire this infectious arthritic condition? (2 points) This case study demonstrates rare manifestations of this mycosis. What are the common symptoms of this genus and species? (2 points) What are the global implications of this type of infection?

Answer 1

ANSWERS:-

1. dimorphic fungi

2. Histoplasma capsulatum

3. The fungus lives in the environment, particularly in soil that contains large amounts of bird or bat droppings. Histoplasma spores circulate in the air after contaminated soil is disturbed. The spores are too small to see without a microscope. When people breathe in the spores, they are at risk for developing histoplasmosis. After the spores enter the lungs, the person’s body temperature allows the spores to transform into yeast. The yeast can then travel to lymph nodes and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream.

4. Symptoms of histoplasmosis include

• Fever
• Cough
• Fatigue (extreme tiredness)
• Chills
• Headache
• Chest pain
• Body aches