Question

DQuestion 49 2 pts At what maternal age does the prevalence rate for Down Syndrome exceed all of the remaining age groups' prevalence rates combined? O 25-29 O30-34 O 35-39 O 40+

Answer 1

Answer :- (D) 40+

Advancing maternal age. A woman's chances of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome increase with age because older eggs have a greater risk of improper chromosome division. A woman's risk of conceiving a child with Down syndrome increases after 35 years of age. However, most children with Down syndrome are born to women under age 35 because younger women have far more babies.

Down syndrome:-Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome.

Down syndrome varies in severity among individuals, causing lifelong intellectual disability and developmental delays. It's the most common genetic chromosomal disorder and cause of learning disabilities in children. It also commonly causes other medical abnormalities, including heart and gastrointestinal disorders.

Symptoms:-

Each person with Down syndrome is an individual — intellectual and developmental problems may be mild, moderate or severe. Some people are healthy while others have significant health problems such as serious heart defects.

Children and adults with Down syndrome have distinct facial features. Though not all people with Down syndrome have the same features, some of the more common features include:

(1)Flattened face

(2)Small head

(3)Short neck

(4)Protruding tongue

(5)Upward slanting eye lids (palpebral fissures)Unusually shaped or small ears

(6)Poor muscle tone

(7)Broad, short hands with a single crease in the palm

(8)Relatively short fingers and small hands and feet

(9)Excessive flexibility

(10)Tiny white spots on the colored part (iris) of the eye called Brushfield's spots

(11)Short height

Infants with Down syndrome may be average size, but typically they grow slowly and remain shorter than other children the same age.

Intellectual disabilities:-Most children with Down syndrome have mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Language is delayed, and both short and long-term memory is affected.

Risk factors:-Some parents have a greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome. Risk factors include:

(1)Advancing maternal age. A woman's chances of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome increase with age because older eggs have a greater risk of improper chromosome division. A woman's risk of conceiving a child with Down syndrome increases after 35 years of age. However, most children with Down syndrome are born to women under age 35 because younger women have far more babies.

(2)Being carriers of the genetic translocation for Down syndrome. Both men and women can pass the genetic translocation for Down syndrome on to their children.

(3)Having had one child with Down syndrome. Parents who have one child with Down syndrome and parents who have a translocation themselves are at an increased risk of having another child with Down syndrome. A genetic counselor can help parents assess the risk of having a second child with Down syndrome.

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