Question

Which of the following is true about the filtrate of the glomerulus?
A It contains little or no glucose
B It contains little or no protein
C It contains little or no sodium
D It contains little or no urea
E It contains little or no potassium

Answer 1

Ans : B.

Explanation - Kidney is the excretory organ of human body and its excretory units are nephron. Urine is formed by three major steps , those are - glomerular ultrafiltration (here mentioned as filtration of glomeruli) , reabsorption and secretion.

Due to glumerular filtration pressure (created as an interaction of hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure) blood get ultrafiltrated in glomeruli and as a result filtrate is produced in Bowman's capsule. Small sized soluble (hydrophilic) materials get filtrated in this way along with water.

Now, in the given options, Glucose , electrolytes (sodium, potassium) , urea satisfy this criteria. So they gets filtrated and thus contained in filtrate of glomeruli. But protein is negatively charge , comparatively large sized molecule cannot cross pores in podosites of cells in glomerular complex and also get repulsed by negatively charged bowman capsule cells. Thus protein usually not be a part of glomerular filtrate.

For knowledge : Glucose is reabsorbed completely by tubular reabsorption process so cannot be found in urine. But in few physiologic and pathologic conditions , when blood glucose level exceeds threshold of glumerular clearance then you may find glucose in urine. Again in few diseased state you may find albumin and etc protein in urine (but not in normal human). And other options ( sodium , potassium, urea ) are always found in urine. Hope u understood well :)