Question

list risk factors associated with substance abuse

Answer 1

Substance abuse is a maladaptive pattern of substance use over the last 12 months that leads to impairment of occupational, physical, or social functioning

*Clinical Definition of Substance Abuse

Requires one or more of the following with a period of 12 months:

- Failure to fulfil major obligations at work, school, or home
- Endangering oneself physically by using the substance
- Continuing substance use despite legal issues stemming from previous substance use
- Persistent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by effects of the substance

RIsk factors:

• Individual (personality characteristics, attitudes/expectations about drug use, developmental stage, comorbid psychopathology)
• Behavioural learning (classical conditioning, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, modelling)
• family (history of substance abuse, parent attitude toward substance abuse, lack of parental involvement and affection, child maltreatment, family conflict)
• Peer
• School
• Stress
• Neighbourhood and culture