Define aerosols, inhalations, and sprays drug delivery and list drugs typically administered in each.
Drugs can be directly administered into the respiratory system through the inhalation of aerosols, inhalations, and nasal sprays.
Aerosol:
Administration of a drug via the air particles that are inhaled when delivered through an appropriate device. Aerosol therapy involves the inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system through a nebulizer. For example, nicotine for smoking cessation.
Inhalations:
Drugs administered through the nebulizers or aerosols. For example, steroids and anti-asthma medications
Nasal sprays:
These are the liquid medications that are inhaled as fine sprays. For example, Oxymetazoline.
Define aerosols, inhalations, and sprays drug delivery and list drugs typically administered in each.
Drug A and drug B are orally administered drugs. Drug A has a pKa of 3.5, whereas Drug B has a pKa of 8.5. Where will the two drugs be ionized and unionized regarding in stomach and plasma?
Suppose of the first drug is need to compare the effects of two drugs each administered to n subjects. The model for the effect 0.1 we Y=Bo+81X\i + €li, (1) while for the second drug it is Y2=Bo+B2X2; + €2i, (2) 1,...,n and X = X2 = 0. Assume that all observations are and in each case i independent and that for each i both E1 and e are normally distributed with mean 0 and variance a2 1. Obtain the...
When the term parenteral is used in regards to drug administration, this applies to drugs administered _____ (choose all that apply). Select one or more: a. intravenously b. orally c. intramuscularly d. topically Protein synthesis occurs in all living cells. Why, then, are some antimicrobial drugs that target protein synthesis selectively toxic to bacteria? Select one: a. The protein synthesis in human cells occurs less frequently than that in bacterial cells. b. The ribosomes found in human cells and those...
List novel drug delivery systems for each topical, oral, vaginal, ophthalmic, and parenteral route.
4. The drug Prevnar is a vaccine meant to prevent meningitis. It is typically administered to infants. In clinical trials, the vaccine was administered to 710 randomly sampled infants between 12 and 15 months of age. Of the 710 infants, 121 experienced a loss of appetite. Is this significant evidence to conclude that the proportion of infants who receive Prevnar and experience a loss of appetite is different than 0.135 which is the proportion of children who experience a loss...
Based on the prolog facts given below: 1 i Given a drug, list the drugs, which have no interactions with it. ii Given a drug, list the drugs, which do interact with it. interacts(gatifloxacin,mometasone,asthma). interacts(gatifloxacin,cisplatin,hyperglycaemia). interacts(gatifloxacin,cisplatin,bone_marrow_failure). interacts(gatifloxacin,montelukast,difficulty_breathing). interacts(temazepam,thalidomide,neutropenia). interacts(temazepam,thalidomide,thrombocytopenia). interacts(temazepam,timolol,drowsiness). interacts(temazepam,tizanidine,acid_reflux). interacts(temazepam,tizanidine,heart_attack).
1. (15 pts) Drug Delivery What are four types of hydrogels discussed in class, and list an advantage and disadvantage of each. a) b) What is zero-order controlled release and why is it desirable? c) Rank all available drug delivery routes in terms of increasing patient compliance and explain why. 1. (15 pts) Drug Delivery What are four types of hydrogels discussed in class, and list an advantage and disadvantage of each. a) b) What is zero-order controlled release and...
Define pharmacodynamics and its relationship to the action of drugs on the body. Discuss dose-response relationships (e.g., basic features of the dose-response relationships, maximal efficacy, and relative potency), the effects drugs can produce, and the amount of drug needed to elicit an effect. Discuss properties of drug-receptor interactions (e.g., drug receptors, four primary receptor families, receptors and selectivity for drug action, theories of drug-receptor interaction, agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and regulation of receptor sensitivity). Describe how receptors function in the...
3. Select three drugs from a patient’s medication profile. Look up each drug and determine possible drug–drug, drug–alternative therapy, drug–food, and drug–laboratory test interactions for each drug.
Quiz #5: Chapter 12 • Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drugs • 1. Be able to define: drug abuse, drug misuse, protective factors, risk factors, social ecology 2. What is the estimated economic cost of substance abuse in the United States per year? 3. What is the form of alcohol that is now recognized in most heavy-episodic drinking? 4. By April 2016, the average retail cost of a pack of cigarettes in what state was the highest in the nation at...