You have been assigned to care for a patient with congenital heart disease during a pediatric clinical rotation. The clinical instructor will expect you to answer the following question
Describe and explain the normal conduction system of the heart.
The normal cardiac or heart conduction system is a group of system of cardiac muscle cells which are specialized cells present in the walls of the heart. These cells send signal to the heart muscles which causes it to contract.
The main component of the conduction system of the heart are:
- SA node
- AV node
- Bundle of Hiss
- Bundle branches
- Purkinje fibres
They help to initiate the normal cardiac cycle and helps in the coordination in the contraction of the cheers of the heart. In the normal contraction both the atria contracts first and then the ventricles contract in the respective sequence. The conducting system provides our heart with the automatic rhythmic beats and in order to do so the systemic and the pulmonary circulation has to operate in synchrony.
The SA node or the sinoatrial node is located at the right atria on the upper part of it and is considered as the natural pacemaker of the heart. These cells causes spontaneous depolarisation and are the sole responsible for the generation of the normal cardiac rhythm. Each impulses that are produced from the SA node travels through interatrial pathways to inorder to repolarize the atria which ultimately leads to the contraction of the atria.
Now the electrical impulses travels to the AV node through the pathway made within the internodal space. Then it passes to the bundle of his and then to the left as well as right bundle branches. The bundle branch of the left side is divided into two branches which are anterior branch and posterior branch. The movement of action potential takes place through the walls of both the ventricles with the help of Purkinje fibres. The delivery of the impulses by the ventricular conduction system is within 0.12 seconds. This will trigger in the contraction of the left and right contraction.
The end result of the cardiac cycle is that the ejection of the blood takes place into the pulmonary and the systemic circulation and hence it will end with the process of repolarization which will take place when the contractile fiber cells and the conduction pathway cell regain their resting polarised condition.
You have been assigned to care for a patient with congenital heart disease during a pediatric...
1. You have been assigned to care for a patient with congenital heart disease during a pediatric clinical rotation. The clinical instructor will expect you to answer the following question a. Explain what occurs during diastole and systole.
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