Question

4. What is version and what are the contraindications of this procedure? 5. List and describe the types of perineal lacerations and episiotomies. 6. Under what conditions are obstetric forceps and vacuum extractors used?

Answer 1

Version: - The Version is changing the bransverse lie to à longitudinal one long replacement the presenting pale by the other.' - If the aim is to make the head the Presenting part it is called Cephalic version - . If the breech will be the presenting part it is podali Vession- Contraindication: b 1. Multiple pregnancy 2. Ankepaukun Hemorrhaji 3. Sevére pregnancy Induced hypertension_ 4. Major degree of pelvic contracbon. s. planned Caesarean section is uberine sean. 7. Rh - isoimmunisation 8. Preterm labour. 9. Elderly primi 10. Gross félel abnormalities. 2. Type of perined beeration : Lo First_degree ; - - Limited lo vaginal mucosa and 1 of the inhoitus Skin

Date and mu muscles la to the fascia Extends to thee fascia_and Second degree: of the periner) baly sphincter third degree : Trauma Involves the anal reckl luman Fourth degree. : Exlinds into the - through reckl mucoss. Types of Episiohmy: o Médio lateral o Median . hateral. I shaped 3) Obsterbia ) Porceps used - Prolong and stage . It is prolongation of more than 1 hour in primiqsaviela (OD 30 min in mulbigravida Inexhia and peer voleuatreony beaving down. a hange foetus' • Rigid perineum. Melposition Vaccum - Maternal distress in and stage . fefel distress in and stage - Prolong 2nd stage - Shorten the and stage in VBAC for prophylicht use in mothers with - Cardiovascular, respiratory disorder

Juuta Datei 4) Hyper tonic labour'. Hyperlonie uterine contractions and un co-ordinaled contracbias often occur Logether and are characterized by elevated resting tone of the uterus dys Synchronous Contractions and elevated lone in lower Wherine Segment s frequent intense wherne Contraction Treatment: - Tocolysis, decrease in oxylocin infusion - Cesaren section as indicated for I concomitant malpresentation, cephalo pelvica disproportion (on' fets i distress