Question

List and describe chemical agents used in control of Explain three ways how pathogenic microbes cause diseases in their hosts. What are the main stages in the course of infection and disease? Explain the main events and characteristics for each of these stages. Explain the role of reservoirs and vectors in maintenance and spreading of infectious agents. What is the difference between mechanical and biological vectors? What are carriers? Explain endemic and sporadic diseases. What are epidemic and pandemic diseases? . Describe components of three lines of host defense from Describe the process of phagocytosis (what immune cells are capable of doing phagocytosis and what are the main steps in this process). Explain the basis of immunologic (serological) methods of diagnosing infections. Chose one immunologic method and explain how it can be used in diagnosing infections? Explain five mechanisms of action (targets) of antibiotics and list related groups of antibiotics for each target. . Describe five mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Select one infectious disease and explain: signs and symptoms, causative agents, pathogenesis and virulence factors, diagnosis methods, transmission and epidemiology and prevention and treatment. 3. Short answer questions 3 points A total of 3 questions-1 point/question These questions will be related to topics listed in the Open ended questions above. 4. Miscellaneous questions and problems 6 points List of possible questions and problems: Problems related to bacterial growth in culture (calculation of number of bacterial cells in culture knowing generation time). Problem related to use different objective and ocular lenses Different classification or connection questions: To classify pathogens in group of microorganisms they belong or to connect causative agent with related disease: o o To link bacterial names with appropriate pictures, related to the shape and aggregation of bacterial cells; To classify diagnostic methods; To link microorganisms with nutritional types or appropriate environmental factors. o o

Answer 1

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