Question

1. List and describe at least four benefits of maintaining fitness, including how physical activity conveys the benefits you covered. Describe what is meant by the term cardiorespiratory conditioning.
2. Distinguish between exercises that are aerobic and those that become anaerobic. Describe physiologically what happens during intense activity when muscle cells convert to anaerobic respiration.
3. Alan is training for the upcoming Boston Marathon, a 26 mile run that takes place every year. In addition to physical training, Alan has adjusted his diet to meet the rigors of his training and enhance his performance. Describe how Alan’s diet differs from that of a casual runner. Provide an example of a recommended pre-game meal and an example of a recommended post-game meal for the day of the event.
4. Identify the factors that influence energy use during physical activity, and explain how these factors determine whether carbohydrate or fat is primary energy source for the activity. How does exercise modify the body’s use of protein?
5. Explain why popular sports drinks are used during exercise. Tell when their full-strength use is justified as opposed to when they are used improperly. Under what conditions should the person exercising consider an alternative, and what would that alternative be?
6. List and describe the effect on the body of at least three dietary and three hormonal supplements often taken to improve athletic performance. Discuss some of the side effects, specifically of anabolic steroid use.

Answer 1

#. Four benefits of maintaining fitness / doing physical activity :-

- reduce your risk of a heart attack.

- manage your weight better.

- have a lower blood cholesterol level.

- lower the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers.

- have lower blood pressure.

- have stronger bones, muscles and joints and lower risk of developing osteoporosis.

#. Cardiorespiratory conditioning is the conditioning of the heart and lungs by aerobic exercises. It improves the ability of your cardiovasuclar and respiratory systems to supply oxygen and nutrients to large muscle groups in order to sustain continuous activity.

#. Aerobic exercise - Continuous, vigorous exercise that increases the body's oxygen demand to produce energy and occurs over an extended time.

- Examples of aerobic exercise :-

Cycling, running, swmming, aerobic dancing, rowing, cross country skiing

- Benefits of aerobic exercise :-

increases stroke volume of the heart

eart pumps more with each beat

increased capillarization in working muscles

more blood vessels=more efficient blood delivery

#. Anaerobic exercise :-

intense bursts of activity with maximal effort

#. examples of anaerobic exercise:-

weight training

plyonmetrics

sprinting

#. Benefits of anaerobic exercise:-

increase metablism

inceases lean muscle mass

increaes stored muscle glycogen

inceases strength and power

cardiovascular benefits

#. Alan's diet :- Eat a high-carbohydrate diet (approximately 8 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight or about 70 percent of energy intake) regularly.

Consume glucose (usually in sports drinks) periodically during activities that last for 1 hour or more.

Eat carbohydrate-rich foods (approximately 60 grams of carbohydrate) immediately following activity; for example, a 16-ounce sports drink and a small bagel, 16 ounces of milk and four oatmeal cookies, or 8 ounces of pineapple juice and a granola bar.