Question

1. Introduction people sufle. 2. Objectives 3. Needs to include brief pathophysiology a. Sign and Symptoms 6. Causes e. Treatment me d. Laboratories and Diagnostie Exams e. Medications used to treat the condition 4. Nursing Interventions 5. Three NCLEX questions and rationale 6. Conclusion 7. References in APA 8. The time for presentation is 20 minutes 9. Follow the rubric

Can anyone please follow the rubric and create me a fun and short power point about "peptic ulcer disease "

Answer 1

1. INTRODUCTION -

A peptic ulcer, also called peptic ulcer disease, is a defect in the gastric or duodenal mucosa extending to the submucosa. The duodenum is the very first part of the intestines that attaches directly to the stomach.

What's important to note is that the peptic ulcer that can occur there or in the stomach isn't just a defect in the superficial-most lining of the stomach and duodenum, the protective mucosa, but is one that also extends down to the deeper, underlying, submucosal layer. This is in contrast to an erosion, which is a defect in the mucosa only.

2. OBJECTIVE -

On completion of the presentation, the students will be able to{

• Recognize typical presentation and risk factor for peptic ulcer disease
• Understand pathophysiology pf peptic ulcer disease
• Prescribe an appropriate therapeutic regimen

3. a) SIGN AND SYMPTOMS

• Burning stomach pain
• Feeling of fullness, bloating or belching
• Fatty food intolerance
• Heartburn
• Nausea

Less often, ulcers may cause severe signs or symptoms such as:

• Vomiting or vomiting blood — which may appear red or black
• Dark blood in stools, or stools that are black or tarry
• Trouble breathing
• Feeling faint
• Nausea or vomiting
• Unexplained weight loss
• Appetite changes

3. b) CAUSES (including Pathophysiology)

The causes of a gastric or duodenal ulcer, a peptic ulcer, are quite varied. The two most common causes for it are a bacterium and a certain class of drugs.

The bacterium is called Helicobacter pylori, or H. pylori for short. This is a Gram-negative bacterium found living below the mucus that protects the stomach from the acid it also produces.

Well, the mucus doesn't just protect the stomach from stomach acid; it also helps to protect H. pylori as H. pylori burrows underneath it. It's kind of like how people in those survivor shows bury themselves under the snow to protect themselves from the much colder air. The same type of deal happens here, but with stomach acid and gooey mucus.

Many times, this bacterium causes no harm to the person, but other times it initiates a process of inflammation of the stomach lining, correctly called gastritis, which eventually leads to ulceration by way of destruction of the stomach tissue. H. pylori doesn't just harm the mucosal protection of the GI tract; it also causes the stomach to actually produce more acid by way of indirectly increasing gastrin secretion, thereby creating even more problems! Gastrin is a hormone produced by G cells of the stomach that promotes acid secretion by the parietal cells of the stomach.

Other causes are-

• smoking
• drinking too much alcohol
• radiation therapy
• stomach cancer

3. c) TREATMENT

Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of your ulcer. If tests show that you have an H. pylori infection, your doctor will prescribe a combination of medication. Patient have to take the medications for up to two weeks. The medications include antibiotics to help kill infections and proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) to help reduce stomach acid.

If doctor determines that you don’t have an H. pylori infection, they may recommend a prescription or over-the-counter PPI (such as Prilosec or Prevacid) for up to eight weeks to reduce stomach acid and help the ulcer heal.

Acid blockers like ranitidine (Zantac) or famotidine (Pepcid) can also reduce stomach acid and ulcer pain.

Doctor may also prescribe sucralfate (Carafate) which will coat your stomach and reduce symptoms of peptic ulcers.

3. d) LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC EXAMS

• If ONE don’t have difficulty swallowing and have a low risk of stomach cancer, doctor may recommend an upper GI test instead. For this procedure, patient drink a thick liquid called barium (barium swallow). Then a technician will take an X-ray of the stomach, esophagus, and small intestine.
• Upper GI Endoscopy
• Complete Blood Count

3. e) MEDICATIONS - Proton Pump Inhibitors and Acid Blockers are generally used.

4. NURSING INTERVENTIONS - For the following problems

- Acute Pain

• Assess the client’s pain, including the location, characteristics, precipitating factors, onset, duration, frequency, quality, intensity, and severity.
• Encourage the use of nonpharmacological pain relief measures:
• Instruct the client to avoid NSAIDs such as aspirin.
• Instruct the client that meals should be eaten ar regularly paced intervals in a relaxed setting.
• Encourage the importance of smoking cessation.
• Administer the prescribed drug therapy:

- Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements

• Obtain a nutritional history.
• Assess for body weight changes.
• Assist the client with identifying foods hat cause gastric irritation.
• Monitor laboratory values for serum albumin.
• Instruct in the importance of abstaining from excessive alcohol.
• Encourage the client to limit the intake of caffeinated beverages such as tea and coffee.
• Teach about the importance of eating a balanced diet with meals at regular intervals.

- Risk For Deficient Fluid Volume

• Assess for the signs of hematemesis or melena.
• Monitor the client’s fluid intake and urine output.
• Monitor the client’s vital signs, and observes BP and HR for signs of orthostatic changes.
• Instruct the client to immediately report symptoms of nausea, vomiting, dizziness, shortness of breath, or dark tarry stools.
• Monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
• Administer IV fluids, volume expanders, and blood products as ordered.

- Anxiety

• Assess client’s level of anxiety.
• Encourage to express fears openly
• Use simple language and brief statements when giving instructions to the client.
• Decrease sensory stimuli by maintaining a quiet environment.
• Provide emotional support to client.

- Deficit Knowledge

• Assess the client’s knowledge and misconceptions regarding peptic ulcer disease, lifestyle behaviors, and the treatment regimen.
• Explain the pathophysiology of disease and how it relates to the functioning of the body.
• Instruct the client in what signs and symptoms to report to the health care provider.
• Discuss the therapy options and the rationales for using these options.
• Discuss the lifestyle changes required to prevent further complications or episodes of peptic ulcer disease.