Question

Spread of Emerging Diseases

The globalized nature of public health has become increasingly evident as more people travel internationally. Recent outbreaks of the Zika virus have caused the governments of the United States and Brazil to revisit their public policies for this emerging threat.

In your post:

• Compare briefly the ways in which the health care systems in each of these countries are addressing the epidemic. Discuss the reasons for the differences in areas of emphasis for each.
• State the different projected costs facing each country. (Identify the associated timeframe for these costs. From 1 to 5 years?)

Initial Post

Initial posts should be based upon peer-reviewed, evidence-based literature according to the Faculty Expectations Response Guidelines. In your post, include at least one APA-formatted in-text citation and accompanying, congruent APA-formatted reference. Your source can be a course textbook, an assigned reading, or other scholarly source.

Answer 1

Viudad OOOUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU ANSWER. Today the world stands on the brink of a global crisis in infectious disease. No country is safe from them and no country can afford to ignore their threat any longer. Factors responsible for emergence & remergence of infectious diseases ase- > Underplanned or implanned urbanization er overesowding and rapid population growth 3) Potr Sanitation 4) inadequate public health infrastructure 5) resistance to antibiotics 63 rapid and imdense mternational travel Travel, including tourism plays a pivotal role in emergence of infectious disease to a new geographical area Studies show that where as only a few gener- -ations ago most people in their lifetime travelled no further than 40 kms from their birthplace, many today go up to 1000 times further travelling the whole world. Infectious disease emergence and multidrug - resistant pathogens are among this century's defining global health challenges. The magnitude of their present and potential impact is sobering. It has also a major impact on economy of a country. The 2013 - 2016 Ebola vinus disease outbreak was associated with us $2.2 billion in lost economic arowth for Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone alone.

New epidemics are often met with an emergency response, after-action Reviews and a promise to rethesile prevention. Disease control involves all the meascares designed to prevent Os reduced as mech as possible the incidence, prevalence and consequences of disease. Epidemic investigations are usually called for after the pear of the epidemic has occurred in such cases the investigation is mainly Retrospective. USA in February 2019 planned an administrative goal to end the HIV epidemic in the united states within 10 years under the name "Ending the HIV epidemic : Aplan for America». The goal is 75 1. reduction in new HIV infections in 5 years and at least gol. reduction in 20 ylors. Cyeant), for an estimeted 250,000 total HIV infections averted The tools and data plays a significant role. the steps are 1) verification of diagnosis of epidemic 2) Confirmation of the existence of an epidemic 3) Defining the population at risk. a) obtaining a map of the area by counting the population 43 Rapid search for all cases and their characteristics 'as Medical survey by Epidemiological case sheet Searching for mose cases 5) Data analysis - as Time by Place c) Pesson

- -- 63 Formulation of hypothese ?? Testing of hypotheses 87 Evaluation of ecological factors 9) feesthes investigation of population at riske 103 writing the report. Reagielert Zika vines is primarily alpread by the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquu'to. Transmission via transfusion of blood products have been reported in Brazil but to date, transmission of rika vines via blood transfusion has not been reported in the United States. In USA, health care personnals, ase following 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions to prevent Occupationally acquired infection. If HCP have an occupational exposure while caring patient, they should evaluate for potential zika vines exposure. Mosquito control is a major factor by limiting the vector of the disease. Use of condoms or abstaining from sex with a pregnant partnes for the entire pregnancy. CAC Train-provids free access to thousands of courses for various infectious disease control like in Zika. (COC-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) All the non-natives of USA are being screened for ZIKA vineses at international airports.

Brazil has reported the association between Zika Vines infection and crwilleen - Barre Syndrome in Fiely 2015. Brazil also reported an association between Zika vines infection & microcepholy. Prevention and control relies on reducing mosquitoes through source reduction and seducing contact between mosquitoes and people. As Zika visus is diagnosed through PCR and visus isolation from blood samples, so apex institutions were specified to support the outbreak investigation and for confirmation of laboratories. Brazil's government has authorized $230 million to states in the past two years alone to slow down the spread of tranemissible disease like zika. USA government's CDC has told people to make or build Zika prevention kit to fight against ZIKA at individual level. The kit includes a bed net, Standing water treatment tablets insect repellent Permethrin spray, condoms. The kit are different for travellers. Quarrantine procedure has been imposed radically in both USA and Brazil to overcome the new cases W source o efidencia Donor contributions to WHO: 2016-17 for ZIKA. African Development Bank - 1,000,000 USD Australia Canada 358,423 USO Japan 245,000 USD etc. 350,000 USD.. Total → 24,994,768 USD

In addition to above contributions, the amount of US $ 3.8 million has been allocated to the Zika response from the WHO contingency Fund for Emergencies. Their amount will need to reimbursed to the contigency fund for future emesgencies. Uuuuuuu