Question

Differentiate three normal and abnormal signs and symptoms when examining the head, ears and neck area of the patient. Explain why certain symptoms would be concerning and describe two interventions that might be used for these findings and how would you teach the patient about these interventions.

Answer 1

Normal Findings :-

Ear - physical assessment of ear

speak to patient to determine hearing accuracy, physically examine using otoscope, use tuning fork to assess where they have hear sound - everything is normal .

Head - Examination of head

Inspection and palpation: examine for facial symmetry , size shape, tenderness, deformities , scalp for scaling redness or lesions.

Palpate facial bones over maxillary and frontal sinuses

Every thing is normal

Assessment of cranial nerve - normal

Neck assessment - normal neck structures which inude blood vessels ,nerves ,muscles passing through ,neck movements etc

Abnormal findings of head - increased head circumference indicates hydrocephalus and should teach patients that it is due to abnormal absorption , distribution or production of CSF which can cause serious central nervous defects and should consult a physician immediately.

Abnormal findings of ear - having a purpliy colour sign over the mastoid region would indicate battles sign and it represents basal skull injury which won't be visible from outside . Immediate actions should be taken .

Abnormal findings of neck - juglar vein distension indicates heart failure . The Patient should look for it and consult a physician as soon as possible to avoid complications .