Question

DK is an 18-year-old high school student who began to experience weight loss despite a ravenous appetite and resulting increased dietary intake. She has to make frequent trips to the bathroom to urinate and has difficulty concentrating on her work because of fatigue. She drinks large volumes of coffee to help with a constant dry mouth and to combat her fatigue. At a clinic appointment, it was noted that DK’s weight has dropped from 140 lb to 128 lb. She is 5 feet, 7 inches tall. Her urine specimen shows glycosuria and ketonuria. A chemstick blood glucose level is 412 mg/dL. DK had eaten breakfast 3 hours before the chemstick blood test.

1. Considering DK’s presenting history and physical data, what form of diabetes mellitus is indicated?

2. What are the physiologic mechanisms involved with the polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia in diabetes mellitus?

3. What immediate and long-term therapy will DK need to manage her disorder?

4. DK will have to frequently monitor her own glucose levels to evaluate her diabetic control. What range of blood glucose should she be advised to aim for?

5. DK needs to understand the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia so that she can quickly intervene to prevent life-threatening complications. How can she recognize hypoglycemia and what should she do when it occurs?

6. DK’s health care provider plans to routinely monitor glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbAM_1c). What information can be gained from this laboratory test?

7. DK should be aware of the potential acute and long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. What are they?

Answer 1

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