Question

Module Preventing Controlling Infection Review 1. What are Universal and Standard Precautions? Give five or more examples of when you must wash your hands 2. How can you protect yourself from infection? 6. Give three or more examples of when to wear gloves. 3. Describe how infection spreads. 7. Identify three or more ways that HBV infection is spread. 4. Explain isolation procedures. 8. How is HIV/AIDS transmitted?

Answer 1

1.The universal precautions are one which are done in the

• Workplace to prevent transmission of infection to the workers and the patients
• All infected patients has to be treated strictly after donning personal protective equipment
• Body substance isolation technique is followed here

The standard precautions are

• Transmission based techniques are generally followed (eg., if a patient has TB it is a must to wear face mask)
• Others
  • Hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • Safe injection practices in the working place
  • Use of sterile instruments in the procedures surgery, etc.,
  • Disinfection of the equipment and surrounding

2.The best way to prevent oneself from infection are

• Hand hygiene as a habit
• Use of PPE (if working in healthcare sector)
• Making sure to have diet before visiting a patient because starvation can decrease the immunity and make one prone for infection
• Regular health screening for any infectious disease if suspicious
• Cover an open wound to prevent transmission of microorganisms and causing infection
• Avoid foods from streets,open food as this can increase the chance if infection

3.The infection usually spreads in the following way more commonly

• Airborne/inhalation:spread via droplet of the infected persons
• Contact:if a person is an infectious skin disease can spread it to others on touch(MRSA)
• Needle stick injury of an infected persons
• Through Surgical site

4.The isolation procedure are

• Inform the patient and relatives regarding the reason and necessity for isolation of the patient
• Follow standard precautions
• Installation of HEPA filters
• Complete closure of the room from transmission
• 12 or greater air exchange to be done in a hour
• Windows for air exchange, back up ventilation
• Proper disinfection of the surface (wet dusting)and equipment daily
• Not to encourage providing flowers to patient as this can act as a host or reservoir to transmit infection..