Question

UUU INTERACTIVE STUDENT NOTEBOOK INVESTIGATING PRIMARY SOURCES Identifying Evidence Consider this question: What were the priorities for education in the 19th century? Examine the four primary sources in the reading and write down evidence from each source that helps answer this question. Primary Source 1 Primary Source 2 Primary Source 3 Primary Source 4 Use the evidence you gathered to make a claim to the question. Claim:

Answer 1

During mid of 17th century to 18th century new social ,economical, and intellectual forces steadily increased and forces that in the late 18th and 19th centuries would weaken and in many cases,end the old aristocratic absolution. The European expansion to new world overseas had stimulated comiercial rivalry. The new trade had increased national wealth and encouraged national a sharp rise in the numbers and influence of the middle classes. These social and economic traformation - joined with technological changes involving the steam engine and the factory system - together produced industrialism, urbanization, and the beginnings of mass labour. At the same time, intellectuals and philosophers were assaulting economic abuses, old unjust privileges, misgovernment, and intolerence. Their iedeas, which carried a new emphasis on the worth of the individual- the citizen rather than the subject - helped to inspire political revolutions, sometimes successful, sometimes unsuccesful. but, more importantly, they worked to make it impossible for any government - even the most reactionary - to disregard for long the welfare of common people. Finnally, there was a widespread psychological change; people's confidence in their power to use resources, master nature, and structure their own future was heightened beyond anything known before, and this confidence on a national sacale - in the form of nationalism - moved all group to struggle for the freedom to direct their own affairs.

All these trends influenced the progress of education. One of the most significant result was the gradual acceptance of the view the gradual acceptance of the view that education ought to be the responsibility of the state. Some countries such as France and germany, were inspired by a mixture of national aspiration and ideology to begin the establishment of public educational system early in the 19th century. Others such as Great Britain and the United States, under the spell of laissez-faire. hesistated longer before allowing the Government to intervene in educational affairs. The school reformers in these countries had to combate the prevailing notion that "free school" were to be provided only for poor children, if at all ;and theyhad to convince society that general taxation upon the whole community was the only adquate way to provide education for all the children of all the people.

To understand the priorities of education in 19th centrury we have many primary sources of reading which are as following.

1) 19th century British pamphlets -This collection, created by RLUK (reasarch Libraries UK), contains the most significant British pamphlets from the 19th cnetury held in UK research libraries. The digitiztion of more than 26,000 pamphlets from seven UK institutions provides researchers, students, and teachers with an immensely rich and coherent corpus of primary sources with which to study the socio-political and economic landscape of 19th century.

2) ART store Dizital Library - The ART store Digital Library is nonprofit resources that provides more the one milliondgital images in the arts, architecture, humanities, and sciences with an accesible suite of software tools for teaching and research. ART stor's community-built collection comprise contribution from outstanding international meseums, photographers, libraries, scholars, photo archives, and artists and artists estates.

3) British History online- British History online contains primary and secondary sources for the history of the British isles. You can find a diverse range of sources here, such as;nineteenth-century ordance survey maps; jurnals of the house of LOrds and House of Commons; the victoria county History of the counties of England; the survey of London from English heritage; calenders of state papers; letters, diaries and more created by the institute of Historical Research it aims to support academic and personal useres around the world in their learning, teaching and reasearch.

4) Churchill Archive- The churchill Archive is a unique online resource of more than 800,000 documents ammased by winston s.churchill throughout his lifetime. The original documents were produced between 1874 and 1965 and range from wiston S.Churchill's personal correspondence to his official exchanges with kings. President,politicians,and military leaders. It will also offer and expanding range of addtional material-pedagogical resources and secondary materials, video and audia content.