Question

Scenario Carmen is a 40-year-old housewife. She has been living with her husband and two children in Hong Kong for 1 year. The children are studying in kindergarten and primary school. She worked as a manager in her homeland but she could not find a job after migration. She looks after the family and does all the chores at home. She does not have many friends nor relatives. She has been frustrated and upset as she finds that she cannot adapt to the life in Hong Kong successfully. She feels a little bit homesick sometimes and surfs the net for long hours while she is alone at home. She loves eating, so food has been used as a reward for her success or celebration, as another coping tool in times of sadness. Carmen has strong family history of cancer. Her father and mother passed away due to lung and breast cancer respectively. She attended an annual body check a month ago. Her physician, Dr. David, diagnosed her as obese after reviewing all her body check results. He advised Carmen to adopt a healthy lifestyle for successful weight management, which included diet modifications and habit of doing physical exercise apart from housework. Dr. David also concerned about her psychological health and her early detection of cancer. He reminded Carmen that maintaining a positive self-concept is important in helping herself to participant in different events and take up different challenges in life. Questions (a) Discuss the possible factors contributing to excess body fat accumulated in Carmen's body. (10 marks) (b) Dr. David advised Carmen to pay attention to her diet and physical exercises. Suggest the diet modifications and exercise regimen for Carmen to follow as a beginner. (30 marks) (c)The weight management process involves behavioural changes. Discuss the possible observations in Carmen since she has attended the annual body check with reference to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). (30 marks) (d) Suggest various approaches that Carmen can adopt to maintain a positive self-concept. (20 marks) (e) Dr. David suggested Carmen to attend regular check-up for cancer screening especially for lung and breast cancer. Discuss the assessments that can be performed to screen these two types of cancer. (10 marks)

Answer 1

Ans(a) It is necessary that whatever food should be eaten by a person, should not be store in a body in the form of carbohydrate or any other form.These accumulation may result in to fatty body which bring a lot of disease in the body.

Before migration she worked at a manager post but after migration she doesn't find any job as a result she live alone at a home and having very less friends and relatives .Due to less going outside the home and having very less work at home ,it's full body energy should not be used and that energy or fat should be accumulated in body which result in to fatty body .one other reason is during celebration or during sadness , food has been used as reward.

(B)Ans: It is essential that to control fat accumulation in the carmen body,the carmen should control diet and doing exercise regularly.

The following diet modification should be required,

(1) In a sorrow or success celebration carmen should not eat too much food as a reward.

(2) Early in the morning as well as in evening doing exercise regularly.

(3) Early checking of whole body at least once a time

(4) Carmen should stop eating food that contain fatty substance , that contain high amount of carbohydrate like ghee etc.

(5) Instead of eating highly cholesterol food eat salad in the morning.

Ans(c) : In a annual body checkup of carmen,Dr.David advised the carmen to adopt a healthy life style for successful weight management which included diet modification and habit of doing physical exercise apart from home work , if we compare advised with transtheoretical model (TTM) than it is generally similarly. If the carmen should adopt the transtheoretical model then she definitely control it's fatty body.

The weight management process also involves the behaviour changes because healthier body contain the healthier behaviour which should not be possible in fattybody so there should be behaviour changes in weight management process

Ans(d) Various approaches that carmen can adopt to maintain a positive self concept.

(1) Carmen tried to find any job after migration.If she fail to find any job then tried to make a household job like teaching child or some other work.

(2)Always tried to make more friends which help him to bring a positive approach.

(3) In a success celebration or in a sorrow situation always celebrate with friend , relative or with family, don't celebrate along.

(4) In a early morning doing exercise regularly which help him to bring a positive approach.

(5) Tried to control the fatty food.

Ans(e) Screening is looking for sign of disease such as breast cancer,before a person has symptoms.The goal of screening tests is to find cancer at an early stage when it can be treated and may be cured.

Mammography is the most common screening test for breast cancer .A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast . Mammography may find tumors that are too small to feel.

Magnetic resonance imaging may be used to screening women who have a high risk of breast cancer.

Lung cancer: Low dose computed tomography should be used as screening test for lung cancer.Symptom of lung cancer include chest pain,persistent cough,hoarseness etc.