Question

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Answer 1

1. a. Somatic has 1 neuron during a motor pathway whereas autonomic have 2 neurons during a motor pathway.

b. Skeletal muscle effector takes place in somatic whereas Smooth/cardiac muscles and the glands effector takes place in an autonomic.

c. somatic has Ach type of neurotransmitter whereas autonomic have Ach and NE neurotransmitter.

2. Pain is an unpleasant sensation and emotional experience linked to tissue damage. Its purpose is to allow the body to react and prevent further tissue damage. We feel pain when a signal is sent through nerve fibers to the brain for interpretation. The sensation of pain involves communication between your nerves, spinal cord, and brain. There are different types of pain, depending on the underlying cause.

When we feel pain, such as when we touch a hot stove, sensory receptors in our skin send a message via nerve fibres (A-delta fibres and C fibres) to the spinal cord and brainstem and then onto the brain where the sensation of pain is registered, the information is processed and the pain is perceived.

Many types of sensory information do adapt and decrease the number of action potentials sent to the brain in the face of constant stimuli, such as smell, touch, noise and more, however, pain receptors do not adapt. They continue to send action potentials and this is why pain medications are used in such large amounts. Pain receptors, unlike other sensory receptors in the body, do not adapt or become less sensitive to repeated stimulation. Under certain conditions, the receptors become more sensitive over a period of time.

Somatic pain and visceral pain are two distinct types of pain, and they feel different. Somatic pain comes from the skin. muscles, and soft tissues, while visceral pain comes from the internal organs. Learn the differences in how you might experience them, their sources, and how they are treated.

Fast pain occurs rapidly because the nerve impulses propagate along medium-diameter, myelinated A fibers. Slow pain begins a second or more after a stimulus is applied and gradually increases in intensity. Slow pain impulses conduct along small-diameter, unmyelinated C fibers.

Referred pain is pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus/ origin. It's the result of a network of interconnecting sensory nerves.

3. Proprioceptive sensation. Etymology: L, proprius + capere + sentire, to feel. the feeling of body movement and position, including the motion of the arms and legs, resulting from stimuli received by special sense organs in the muscles, tendons, joints, and inner ear.

Proprioceptor a sensory receptor which receives stimuli from within the body, especially one that responds to position and movement. Tonic (slow) receptors include chemoreceptors that respond to chemical levels in the blood; pain receptors and proprioceptors do not exhibit adaptation.  Phasic (fast) receptors adapt rapidly to pressure, touch, and smell; Pacinian corpuscle (mechanoreceptors) detect pressure and vibrations in the skin.M