1). To find the molecular formula, the following steps are to be followed:
Step 1: Change the given masses to moles
Given:
Carbon = 10.0 g
Hydrogen = 1.68 g
Oxygen = 13.4 g
Step II: Find a ratio between the moles to determine the empirical formula
The ratio of Carbon and Oxygen is 1:1 as
Next, the ratio of Hydrogen to both Cabon and Oxygen is 2:1
So the ratio is 1 C to 1 O to 2 H
Therefore the empirical formula comes out to be CH2O.
Step III: Finding the Molecular Formula
From the empirical formula calculated above, i.e., CH2O the molar mass comes out to be 30.0 g mol-1 as
12 g (C) + 2*1 g (H) 16g (O) = 30.0 g mol-1
But the given molar mass of the compound is 60 g mol-1. Therefore, we need to multiply the emperical formula by 2 to get this molar mass of 60 g mol-1.
Therefore, the molecular forula of the compund is C2H4O2. Hence, Option (C) is the correct option.
2). A solution is diluted by adding more amount of solvent in it while keeping the amount of solute constatnt. Therefore option (A) more is the correct option
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