Question

Explain how nonhomologous morphological characters can reveal “deep homology,” and how deep homology can be considered a special case of homology and mapped as such onto a phylogenetic tree, as done by McCune and Shimenti. Please explain in depth

Answer 1

Answer:

• The sorts of homologous and nonhomologous relations in the old style and sub-atomic science are investigated through the three tests that might be applied to a theory of homology: consistency, combination, and closeness.
• The equivalent three tests apply in sub-atomic examinations and in morphology, and in each field, they separate eight sorts of connections.
• The wings of birds and bats are nonhomologous (as wings)
• because the group they specify is incongruent with or is contradicted by all the features relating bats to other mammals and birds to crocodiles.
• As one of a few recent examples, Schoch defines convergence as a similarity of characters in distantly related lineages and defines parallelism as nonhomologous similarity in closely related lineages.

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