Question

CE/CM 5300 (Geotechnical Aspects of Construction) HW 3 1 Please give an analogy for soil consolidation so that people involved in construction projects, such as architects, structural engineers, construction managers, city officials, and superintendents, can easily understand it. Please use common words, sketches, pictures, examples occurred in our daily life, and/or models to describe it (14 points)

Answer 1

Consolidation It is a compression of Soil due to expulsion C exsting ) 03 porewater at a slow rate under Static long term leading low permable >It is occurs generally in Soil which allows less water sthrough them.) -> Compression of escape of pore air? ig Called Compaction Consolidation → Escape of pore water is called - Compression of soil grains & water is negle neglegible Soil sample Pressure meter 9-Static.load DOB> air lover Scil grains y! SOOO Yair nywater "U ro'pore water pressure befor q applied to "Å-q"pore water pressure at the time of Gract. (excess pore ū =9" pressure of pore water efter some water pressure) time of q- acted : a 2.0" at the End of Consolidation.

all the taken External load papplied int'ally is by water only. During Immeаdiately after loading At End of consolidation consolidation ūzo ū = q Ao'=0 ū tao'=q ūza Aoso ū tao'zq | sola ūtsol=9 e during consolidation process pore water press . cas decreses effective stress co's increases but total stress remains constant - permia bility *K", water content, vaid ratio decreses. -y settlement, Shear Strength increases -> Total Stress Co), Saturation (sr=100%) remains constant

Factors affecting consolidation - In coarse arained soils like sand permeability & Drainage conditions are. Factors. → In clay soils. permeability, Drainage, Expulsion of double layer water from grains, & Slipping of particles to new positions of high density. Stages of consolidation a) sudden decress of Intial consolidation in of volume of soil by Escaping of air & voids. in the soil.

b) Primary Consolidations. The reduction in volume by Escaping of pore water in the soil. by. slowly. from the voids is known as primary consolidation. Secondary consolidation :- It is a compression due to Escaping of highly viscous or high density water from the soil due to plastic re adjustment of soil particles, after. exces pore water pressure came to Zero Total Consolidation - Intial consolidation to primary consolidationt Secondary consolidation