Let F IN = {M | L(M) is finite}, and recall HP = {M#w | M halts on w}.
(a) Prove HP¯ ≤m F IN, where HP¯ is the complement of the halting problem. That is, show there exists a computable function f such that M#w ∈ HP¯ iff f(M#w) ∈ F IN.
(b) Prove HP ≤m F IN. That is, show there exists a computable function f such that M#w ∈ HP iff f(M#w) ∈ F IN.
(c) Is F IN decidable? Is it recognizable? Justify your answer.
Recall the Halting problem: HALT = {<M, w> : M halts on input w}. Prove the Halting problem is NP-Hard.
Let (V,〈 , 〉v) and (W.〈 , 〉w) be finite-dimensional inner product spaces. Recall that the adjoint L* : W → V of a linear function L Hom(V,W) is completely determined by the equation <L(v), w/w,-(v, L* (w)של for every v є V and w є W . Use this to prove the following facts: (a) (Li + L2)* = Lİ + L: for Li, L26 Horn(V,W) (b) (α L)* =aL' for a R and L€ Horn(V,W) (c) (L*)* =...
Problem 5. Let W and U be finite-dimensional vector spaces, and let T : W > W and S : W -> U be linear transformations. Prove that if rank(S o T) L W W such that S o T = So L. = rank(S), then there exists an isomorphism (,.. . , Vk) is a basis of ker(T), and let (w1, ., wr) is a basis of im(T) nker(S) if 1 ik Hint: Let B (vi,... , Vk,...,vj,) be...
F F F 12. L={ <M> : L(M) = {b). Le SD/D. 13. L={<M> : L(M) CFLs). LED 14. L = {<M> : L(M) e CFLs). Rice's theorem could be used to prove that L 15. T T D. F L = {<M> : L(M) e CFLs). Le SD. That is, L is not semidecidable. T F 16. L <Mi,M2>:IL(M)L(IM21) 3. That is, there are more strings in L(M2) than in L(M). Rice's theorem could be used to prove that...
Problem 3 (ML inequality) Let F be a vector function defined on a curve C. Suppose F is bounded on C, which means ||F|| <M for some finite number M > 0. Show that I F.dr < ML, where L is the length of the path C.
Problem #6. Let V be a finite dimensional vector space over a field F. Let W be a subspace of V. Define A(W) e Vw)Vw E W). Prove that A(W) is a subspace of (V).
Let V and W be finite dimensional vector spaces and let T:V → W be a linear transformation. We say a linear transformation S :W → V is a left inverse of T if ST = Iy, where Iy denotes the identity transformation on V. We say a linear transformation S:W → V is a right inverse of T if TS = Iw, where Iw denotes the identity transformation on W. Finally, we say a linear transformation S:W → V...
EXERCISES 1. Let the linear mapping g : L → M of finite-dimensional spaces be associated with the chain of mappings constructed in $6.8. Construct the canonical isomor- phisms kerg. → cokerg, coimg" →img, img" → coimg, cokerg" → kerg. There exists a chain of linear mappings, which "partition 9 egCo where all mappings, except h, are canonical insertions is the only mapping that completes the commutative diagrams and factorizations. while h com gmm 9 It is unique, because kere...
4. Let (2, P) be a finite probability space. Recall that if A 2 is an event, then the probability of A is P(A)-〉 P(w). WEA Let A be the compliment of A. Show that a) P(Ac)1- P(A) b) Let Ņ є Z+ be an arbitrarily large integer. If Ai, A2, . . . , AN are a set of events, then prove k-1 k-1
Let V be a finite-dimensional vector space and let T L(V) be an operator. In this problem you show that there is a nonzero polynomial such that p(T) = 0. (a) What is 0 in this context? A polynomial? A linear map? An element of V? (b) Define by . Prove that is a linear map. (c) Prove that if where V is infinite-dimensional and W is finite-dimensional, then S cannot be injective. (d) Use the preceding parts to prove...