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Chapter 08 Social Relations: 1-26 1. Fitness is defined as the A. health of an individual organism. B. ability of an organism to adap C. quality of offspring produced. D. number of genes contri an organism to adapt to new environmental situations. of genes contributed by an individual to the next generation. 2. Secondary sexual ondary sexual characteristics are often considered a handicap because of increased A. predation. B. competition C. parasitism. D. infertility. 3. In any animal, the difference between male and a female rests largely on A. anatomical differences. B. secondary sexual characteristics. C. size and energetic cost of gametes. D. presence or absence of a Y chromosome.. 4. In many species including some lizards, some females can reproduce by the process of parthenogenesis. Why do males persist in those species? A. to increase the number of offspring produced B. to assist in rearing of the offspring C. to decrease the chance of infertility D. to ensure genetic diversity 5. True (a) or False (b): The vomeronasal organ of vertebrates detects sex pheromones. 6. True (a) or False (b): A sea bass is able switch gender when given the appropriate visual signal 7 Findler's research on the male guppy (Poecilia reticulate) color indicates that male colorfulness is determined by A. both predation and sexual selection by females. B. intrasexual competition. C. sexual selection by females. D. both predation and intrasexual competition.. 8. Thornhill's research on mate selection an Ille research on mate selection among scorpionflies (Panorpa latipennis) indicates that male translates into successful mating opportunities. A. aggressiveness B. nuptial offering C. both body size and aggressiveness D. body size, aggressiveness, and nuptial offering

Answer 1

1.(D)

Fitness in biology is the measure of reproductive success of an individual (number of off springs). With increased number of progeny, number of genes contributed to next generation increases,

2.B

In animals, secondary sexual characteristics may be in the form of armaments( deer antlers) or ornaments (mane of the lion). Their degree of expression is linked to its mating success. In this regard, there exists competition among males for mating success.

3.D

The Y chromosome is one of the sex chromosomes in many animals. Its presence or absence determines the sex of the individual. Therefore difference between male and female is basically the presence or absence of Y chromosome.

4. D

Sexual selection ensures diversity among the population.