Question

1. Clindamycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. Using this information ONLY, respond to the following: a(pt) Referring to the 5 modes or mechanisms of actions of antibiotics, which one applies to clindamycin? b. (Ipt) Is this a broad or narrow spectrum antibacterial agent? EXPLAIN your answer. (Ipt) Does clindamycin have selective toxicity for bacteria? EXPLAIN your answer. 2. Look at this diagram of a bacterial cell carrying out a type of antibiotic resistance and answer the questions. antibio 2 a.-C. (Ipt ea) What does each shape, 1, 2, 3 represent? d. (Ipt) What is happening at the first arrow on the left? (Ipt) What is happening at the second arrow? (pt) How does this mechanism allow the microbe to be antibiotic resistant? g. (Ipt) How does gene expression apply to this diagram? Multiple choice: Use information in your book and/or look online to identify the best set of terms describing diseases caused by the following pathogens: 3. (1pt) Toxoplasma gondii causes Toxoplasmosis a) acute, bacteremia, intoxication b) foodbome, zoonosis, congenital c) viremia, acute, endemic d) vector-borne, zoonosis, endemic 4. (Ipt) Corynebacterium diphtheria causes diphtheria a) air-borne, toxemia, local b) communicable, foodborne, primary c) zoonosis, endemic, contagious d) sequelae, chronic, nosocomial 5. (Ipt) Borrelia burdorferii causes Lyme Disease a) acute, bacteremia, toxemia b) vector-borne, zoonosis, endemic s bacteremia, vector-bome, contagious

Answer 1

1. a. Clindamycin acts by inhibiting translation (protein synthesis).

b. It is a broad spectrum antibiotics. It is a lincosamide antibiotic. It is highly effective agains staphylococci, streptococci (or pneumococci) and genera of Bacteroides, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Clostridium perfringens, etc.

c. It has selective toxicity for bacteria since it doesn't damage the healthy host cells.

2. The image is not visible. The bacterial shapes are not present in the question. So I have not attempted any bit of this question.

3.b) food borne, congenital, zoonosis

Toxoplasmo gondii is spread from contaminated food and from cat feces. It is zoonotic since it is spread from animals (here cats) to humans. It can cause congenital effects since it affects the foetus inside the womb.

4.a) air borne, toxemia, local

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is spread through cough droplets. The mechanism of bacterial pathogenicity is through release of exotoxins in the gut of the host causing toxemia. It destroys cells locally within some range and lacks broad range damage capability.

5.b) Vector borne, zoonosis, endemic

Borrelia burgdorferi is a vector borne disease spread through ticks which infect other mammals and humans too. It is an endemic disease since it has been found to occur more in several hotspots and doesn't have cosmopolitan distribution.