Question

Vaccines have been shown to NOT cause autism, but still controversies persist because of a lack of understanding about how vaccines work and how they are made. A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. Vaccines can be made from O A. recombinant DNA OB. attenuated (or incapacitated) virus (i.e. polio vaccine) O C. use of a similar pathogen (i.e. smallpox) OD. all of these, or none of these have contributed to new vaccines OE. toxoid proteins (i.e. tetanus)

Answer 1

d. All of these

A recombinant vaccine is a vaccine produced through recombinant DNA technology.

Two different kinds of vaccine are available, an inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) and a live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV).

The vaccine is made from a virus called vaccinia, which is a poxvirus similar to smallpox, but less harmful.

toxoid proteins in tetanus are used as a vaccine.