Question

UMUNOLO UMPLULU ? 1. Which of the following genes would make the best molecular clock to determine the phylogenetic relationship of all forms of life? A. Green eye genes B. Ribosomal genes C. Antibiotic resistance genes D. Nitrogen fixing genes

Answer 1

Answer -

The correct option is B i.e. Ribosomal gene.

It is explained as below:

Firstly, what is phylogenetic relationships ?

The answer would be "Phylogenetic relationship" alludes to the relative occasions in the past that species shared basic predecessors.

Now, by viewing the other options in detail we can asses and conclude the right option.

A. Grey eye gene - The quality is called OCA2. This quality gives the directions for a protein, called P-protein that chooses how much melanin is made. Various individuals can have various forms of this quality.

Function - The gey quality has one allele that offers ascend to green eyes and one allele that offers ascend to blue eyes. The allele for dark colored eyes is the most prevailing allele and is constantly predominant over the other two alleles and the allele for green eyes is constantly prevailing over the allele for blue eyes, which is constantly passive.

So, now it is clear that this gene has some other functions which Cannot make the best molecular clock to determine the phylogenetic relationships of all forms of life.

B. Ribosomal genes - Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a DNA grouping that codes for ribosomal RNA. Ribosomes are gatherings of proteins and rRNA atoms that make an interpretation of mRNA particles to create proteins. rDNA has another quality, coding for 5S rRNA, situated in the genome in many eukaryotes.

Function -Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a piece of the ribosome, or protein manufacturers, of the cell. Ribosomes are liable for interpretation, or the procedure our cells use to make proteins. rRNA are liable for perusing the request for amino acids and connecting amino acids together. They do this through an exceptionally perplexing arrangement.

Explanation -

16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the part of the 30S little subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome that ties to the Shine-Dalgarno grouping. The qualities coding for it are alluded to as 16S rRNA quality and are utilized in recreating phylogenies, because of the moderate paces of advancement of this locale of the gene.Carl Woese and George E. Fox were two of the individuals who spearheaded the utilization of 16S rRNA in phylogenetics in 1977.

Different successions of the 16S rRNA quality can exist inside a solitary bacterium.

It has many functions like :

•Like the huge (23S) ribosomal RNA, it has an auxiliary job, going about as a platform characterizing the places of the ribosomal proteins.

•The 3′-end contains the counter Shine-Dalgarno succession, which ties upstream to the AUG start codon on the mRNA. The 3′-end of 16S RNA ties to the proteins S1 and S21 known to be associated with commencement of protein combination

•Connects with 23S, supporting in the authoritative of the two ribosomal subunits (50S and 30S)

•Balances out right codon-anticodon matching in the A-site, by means of a hydrogen bond arrangement between the N1 molecule of adenine deposits 1492 and 1493 and the 2′OH gathering of the mRNA spine.

So, now it is much more clear that this makes the best molecular clock to determine the phylogenetic relationships of all forms of life.

C. Antibiotic resistance gene - Antibiotic resistance is the capacity of a microorganism to withstand the impacts of an anti-microbial. It is a particular kind of drug resistance.This can be a helpful method for embedding fake qualities into the microorganism. Antibiotic resistance is an outcome of advancement by means of natural selection.

Function -Adding an anti-microbial opposition quality to the plasmid takes care of the two issues without a moment's delay – it permits a researcher to handily recognize plasmid-containing microscopic organisms when the cells are developed on specific media, and furnishes those microorganisms with a strain to keep your plasmid.

So, by the above explanation we can conclude that it can be useful in understanding the phylogenetic relationships but not the best molecular clock to determine the phylogenetic relationships of all forms of life.

D. Nitrogen fixing gene -The nif qualities are qualities encoding proteins associated with the obsession of air nitrogen. The essential catalyst encoded by the nif qualities is the nitrogenase complex which is responsible for changing over air nitrogen to other nitrogen structures, for example, smelling salts, which plants can use for different purposes.

Function -The nif genes are genes encoding chemicals associated with the obsession of environmental nitrogen. The essential compound encoded by the nif gene is the nitrogenase complex which is responsible for changing over climatic nitrogen to other nitrogen structures, for example, alkali, which plants can use for different purposes.

So, it is totally out of the box because it has some other functions which are explained above.