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Homework Answers
Crystallization is induced or initiated by scratching the inner wall of the beaker or introducing a very small amount of Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2.6H2O into the solution when normal cooling in the ice bath fails.
Scratching of the inside of the beaker causes minute fragments of glass to dislodge from the beaker. These minute glass fragments produce a site of nucleation upon which the crystal formation can start i.e. the crystals will start growing around those minuscule glass fragments.
In the same way, the introduction of a small amount or even a small crystal of the original solid will be the “seed” upon which crystallization will occur. The “seed” will provide a nucleation site for similar crystals to grow. Here, nucleation is the initiation crystal formation, where a small number of atoms or molecules start arranging themselves in a pattern characteristic of a crystalline solid, upon which further addition or arrangement of particles occurs.
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3. Crystallization begins with a process called nucleation, where particles of the substance dissolved in solution...
Running the Reaction Add 0.100 g benzil and 0.30 mL 95% ethanol to a 3-mL conical vial. Place a s...
Determine the theoretical yield and limiting reagent
Running the Reaction Add 0.100 g benzil and 0.30 mL 95% ethanol to a 3-mL conical vial. Place a spin vane in the vial and attach an air condenser. Heat the mixture with an aluminum block (90-100°C) while stirring until the benzil has dissolved (see inset in Tech- nique 6, Figure 6.1A). Using a 9-inch Pasteur pipette, add dropwise 0.25 mL of an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution' downward through the condenser into the...
i need help answering the questions plz and thanks! Experiment 9 Report Sheet: Calculations and Questions...
i need help answering the questions plz and thanks!
Experiment 9 Report Sheet: Calculations and Questions Calculations 1. Determine which of the two starting materials is the limiting reagent, then determine the theoretical yield of [Cu(NH3)]SO4+H20. 2. Determine the percent yield after the first crystallization. Is this a valid percent yield? Explain. 3. Determine the percent yield of the second crystallization. Conclusion On the back of this page write a conclusion that comments on what you were trying to accomplish...
A. Recrystallization is an important technique that we used in this lab to purify solids. Answer...
A. Recrystallization is an important technique that we used in this lab to purify solids. Answer the following questions related to this technique, which is outlined in the diagram below. (2 pts. each) Watch ass Watch Glass Hot solvent Insoluble mpurities Dissolve the compound Continue heating if necessary hot solvent Fluted fiter paper Continue heating until half of the solvent is evaporated Vacuum filtration Allowed to cool to room temperature then put in an ice bath HOT Gravity filtration 3....
Extraction of solids: Experiment outlined below Draw a “roadmap” of the experiment, containing chemical structures and...
Extraction of solids: Experiment outlined below
Draw a “roadmap” of the experiment, containing chemical
structures and “layers” (organic and aqueous). This should contain
the individual reactions occurring in each step, and show which
layer the various components are present. Make sure you think about
whether the acetaminophen, caffeine and aspirin are neutral,
protonated or deprotonated.
Preliminary separation obtain a sample (1.0g) of the mixture. weigh the sample and record it. this sample should consist of a 2:1:1 mixture (by mass)...
1.) What side reactions occur during the following steps. 2.) How can the IR spectrum be...
1.)
What side reactions occur during the following steps.
2.) How can the IR spectrum be used to show that there is not
starting material left and the products are ketones?
3.) Describe the major differences and similarities between
the IR spectra of benzoin and benzil. Compare your IR spectrum with
those of benzoin and benzil.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzoin 1. Add a stir bar and 1.5 mL of glacial acetic acid, 0.250 g of NH4NO3 and 0.500 g of...
QUESTION: Write a flow scheme for the work-up. THE WORK UP:
QUESTION:
Write a flow scheme for the work-up.
THE WORK UP:
C. Work-up (save all layers) and Isolation of Product MgBrCl Benzoic acid Transfer the mixture into a test tube. Rinse the beaker with about 3 mL of regular (not anhydrous) diethyl ether and pour the washings into the test tube. There should be two distinct layers in the test tube Remove the aqueous layer (to be discarded) and shake the ether layer with about 2 mL of 3 M...
Write out your separation scheme for this experiment. 1. Heat 75 mL of water to 90...
Write out your separation scheme for this experiment. 1. Heat 75 mL of water to 90 °C in a 250-mL beaker. 2. While the water is being heated, place 250 mg of salicylic acid, 1 drop of 85% phosphoric acid and 0.5 mL of acetic anhydride in a test tube. Add a boiling chip to the mixture and gently shake it in order to mix the reactants. 3. Heat the tube in the beaker of water at 85 - 90...
Please help! (These are the instructions I had) 1) Preparation of K2[Cu(C2O4)2] 2H2O CuSO4•5H2O + 2K2C2O4•H2O...
Please help! (These are the instructions I had) 1) Preparation of K2[Cu(C2O4)2] 2H2O CuSO4•5H2O + 2K2C2O4•H2O → K2[Cu(C2O4)2]•2H2O + K2SO4 + 5H2O Heat a solution of 2.5g of potassium oxalate monohydrate in 12.5mL of water contained in a 50mL beaker (approx. 90°C). Heat 1.55g of copper sulfate pentahydrate in 3mL of water to about 90°C and add it rapidly, with vigorous stirring to the hot potassium oxalate solution. Set on the bench and allow to cool to room temperature then...
Heat lamp or drying oven Hydrated copper chloride Distilled water Aluminum wire 30-ml beaker Glass rod...
Heat lamp or drying oven Hydrated copper chloride Distilled water Aluminum wire 30-ml beaker Glass rod Watch glass Buchner fiannel Hot plate Ethanol Füter paper CAUTION: Wear all safety equipment, follow all normal safety procedures and experiment as directed by your instructor follow instructions. Dispose of all liquid AND solid waste products from the 1. Weigh a clean, dry 30-mL beaker and record its mass to 3 decimal places. When-it-is-time,heat the beaker 2. Add approximately 1.00 gram of the hydrated...
Place 3.0 g of salicylic acid in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Carefully add, stirring constantly, 6...
Place 3.0 g of salicylic acid in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Carefully add, stirring constantly, 6 mL of acetic anhydride, followed by 10 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. Swirl the contents of the flask so that the reactants are thoroughly mixed. Stopper the flask with a one- hole cork fitted with an inverted Pasteur pipet to prevent condensation of water in the reaction flask during heating on the steam bath. Heat the flask in a boiling-water or steam bath for...
Determine the theoretical yield and limiting reagent
Running the Reaction Add 0.100 g benzil and 0.30 mL 95% ethanol to a 3-mL conical vial. Place a spin vane in the vial and attach an air condenser. Heat the mixture with an aluminum block (90-100°C) while stirring until the benzil has dissolved (see inset in Tech- nique 6, Figure 6.1A). Using a 9-inch Pasteur pipette, add dropwise 0.25 mL of an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution' downward through the condenser into the...
i need help answering the questions plz and thanks!
Experiment 9 Report Sheet: Calculations and Questions Calculations 1. Determine which of the two starting materials is the limiting reagent, then determine the theoretical yield of [Cu(NH3)]SO4+H20. 2. Determine the percent yield after the first crystallization. Is this a valid percent yield? Explain. 3. Determine the percent yield of the second crystallization. Conclusion On the back of this page write a conclusion that comments on what you were trying to accomplish...
A. Recrystallization is an important technique that we used in this lab to purify solids. Answer the following questions related to this technique, which is outlined in the diagram below. (2 pts. each) Watch ass Watch Glass Hot solvent Insoluble mpurities Dissolve the compound Continue heating if necessary hot solvent Fluted fiter paper Continue heating until half of the solvent is evaporated Vacuum filtration Allowed to cool to room temperature then put in an ice bath HOT Gravity filtration 3....
Extraction of solids: Experiment outlined below
Draw a “roadmap” of the experiment, containing chemical
structures and “layers” (organic and aqueous). This should contain
the individual reactions occurring in each step, and show which
layer the various components are present. Make sure you think about
whether the acetaminophen, caffeine and aspirin are neutral,
protonated or deprotonated.
Preliminary separation obtain a sample (1.0g) of the mixture. weigh the sample and record it. this sample should consist of a 2:1:1 mixture (by mass)...
1.)
What side reactions occur during the following steps.
2.) How can the IR spectrum be used to show that there is not
starting material left and the products are ketones?
3.) Describe the major differences and similarities between
the IR spectra of benzoin and benzil. Compare your IR spectrum with
those of benzoin and benzil.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzoin 1. Add a stir bar and 1.5 mL of glacial acetic acid, 0.250 g of NH4NO3 and 0.500 g of...
QUESTION:
Write a flow scheme for the work-up.
THE WORK UP:
C. Work-up (save all layers) and Isolation of Product MgBrCl Benzoic acid Transfer the mixture into a test tube. Rinse the beaker with about 3 mL of regular (not anhydrous) diethyl ether and pour the washings into the test tube. There should be two distinct layers in the test tube Remove the aqueous layer (to be discarded) and shake the ether layer with about 2 mL of 3 M...
Heat lamp or drying oven Hydrated copper chloride Distilled water Aluminum wire 30-ml beaker Glass rod Watch glass Buchner fiannel Hot plate Ethanol Füter paper CAUTION: Wear all safety equipment, follow all normal safety procedures and experiment as directed by your instructor follow instructions. Dispose of all liquid AND solid waste products from the 1. Weigh a clean, dry 30-mL beaker and record its mass to 3 decimal places. When-it-is-time,heat the beaker 2. Add approximately 1.00 gram of the hydrated...
Place 3.0 g of salicylic acid in a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Carefully add, stirring constantly, 6 mL of acetic anhydride, followed by 10 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. Swirl the contents of the flask so that the reactants are thoroughly mixed. Stopper the flask with a one- hole cork fitted with an inverted Pasteur pipet to prevent condensation of water in the reaction flask during heating on the steam bath. Heat the flask in a boiling-water or steam bath for...
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