Question

1. Write two programs that play a trivia game using shared memory. Include examples of your program output in a report. In order to synchronize the question-answer-result sequence, you will force processes to sleep. Create separate server and client programs (two .c files) according to the following design requirements .The server is assumed to be executed before the client. . The server creates the shared memory and writes a string to shared memory containing the trivia question and sleeps for some period of time (e.g. 10 seconds) to allow the client to get user input The client, which is started after the server, reads and displays the question from shared memory The client allows the user to type an answer and writes it to the same shared memory location, overwriting the question, and sleeps for some period of time (e.g. 10 seconds) to wait for the . . result from the server . After the server's sleep period, it reads the client's answer, displays it, and compares it to the correct answer (which is known by the server). The server writes the result message (correct or incorrect) to the same shared After the client's sleep period, it reads the result and displays it to the user memory location. * Below are examples of how your output might look (user input is in bold). The trivia question in both examples is "What is the capital of Greece?". În example #1, the client's user types the correct answer "Athens". In example #2, the client's user types the incorrect answer "London Server example #1 Sent question. Sleeping. . . Answer received: Athens Client example #1 What is the capitol of Greece? Athens Waiting for result... Correct! Server example #2 Sent question. Sleeping. . . Answer received: London Client example #2 What is the capitol of Greece? London Waiting for result... Wron

Answer 1

Server.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <error.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>

#define PORT "3490" //the port user will be connecting to
#define BACKLOG 10 //how many pending connection queue will hold
#define maxUser 10
#define LOGIN_OK "OK"
#define LOGIN_WrongPassword "NP"
#define LOGIN_WrongUsername "NU"
#define MAX_USERS 10
#define MAX_ANSWER_TIME 10
#define LOGIN_WAIT 10
#define TOTAL_QUES "3"

int users[MAX_USERS][3] = {}; //index is userID, 0 is no user

void sigchld_handler(int s)
{
while(waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
}

//get sockaddr, IPv4 or IPv6

int timer;
void alarm_handler(int s) {
timer = 0;
}

wrongRecv(ssize_t recvd, ssize_t expctd)
{

if(recvd != expctd)
{
printf("Recvd(%zd) bytes not equal to expected(%zd) bytes\n",recvd,expctd);
//getchar();
}
}

//void nextQues(char* quesMsg, char* ques, char* optA, char* optB, char* optC, char* optD)
int nextQues(char* quesMsg, int QID)
{
char ques[40], optA[10], optB[10], optC[10], optD[10], quesId[5];

sprintf(quesId,"%d",QID);
strncpy(ques, "This is the question?",22);
strncpy(optA, "OptionA", 7); strncpy(optB, "OptionB", 7); strncpy(optC, "OptionC", 7); strncpy(optD, "OptionD", 7);
strncpy(quesMsg,quesId,5);
strncpy(quesMsg + 05,ques,40);
strncpy(quesMsg + 45,optA,10);
strncpy(quesMsg + 55,optB,10);
strncpy(quesMsg + 65,optC,10);
strncpy(quesMsg + 75,optD,10);

return 0;
}

//void answerCheck(char* ques, char* optA, char* optB, char* optC, char* optD, char* usrResponse, int rtt, int timeTaken)
void answerCheck(int fd, char usrResponse[6], int rtt, int timeTaken)
{
int responseTime, i;
char actualAnswer[1];
char quesId[5];
printf("fd(%d) quesid(%s) response(%c) rtt(%d) timeTaken(%d)\n", fd, usrResponse, usrResponse[5], rtt, timeTaken );
strncpy(quesId, usrResponse, 5);
actualAnswer[0] = 'B';//we have quesId we can find actual answer on basis of it

if(actualAnswer[0] == usrResponse[5])
{
//printf("%s\n","+++++" );
responseTime = timeTaken - rtt;
//printf("Response Time(%d)\n",responseTime);

//save it with user id

//finding userid
for(i = 0; i < MAX_USERS; i++) {
if(users[i][1] == fd) {
users[i][2] = responseTime;//saving it
//printf("%d\n",i );
}
}
}
}

int compareAnswer() {
int i, min = 2 * MAX_ANSWER_TIME, userIndex;
for(i = 0; i < MAX_USERS; i++) {
if(users[i][2] < min) {
min = users[i][2];
userIndex = i;
}
}
//Increasing Score
users[userIndex][0]++;

//returning fd
return users[userIndex][1];
}

void users_deleteFd(int fd) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < MAX_USERS; ++i)
{
if(users[i][1] == fd) {
users[i][1] =0;
return;
}
}
}

int rtt_check(int new_fd)
{
ssize_t send_ret, recv_ret;
char rtt_check[1];
time_t rtt1, rtt2;

rtt1 = time(NULL);
send_ret = send(new_fd, "r", 1, 0);
if(send_ret == 0)
{
return -2;
}
wrongRecv(send_ret, 1);
//printf("%s\n","Between two phase of rttCheck" );
recv_ret = recv(new_fd, rtt_check, 1,0);
rtt2 = time(NULL);
if(recv_ret == 0)
{
return -2;
}
wrongRecv(recv_ret,1);
//printf("diff(%d)\n",(int) difftime(rtt2,rtt1));

return (int) difftime(rtt2,rtt1);
}

int login(char user[], char pass[])
{
//for user
static int Id = 0; //when have function getUserID, make it not static and also remove Id++;
if(!strcmp(user,"abhishek") && !strcmp(pass,"abhishek")) {
//Id = getUserID(user);
return ++Id;
}else if(!strcmp(user,"abhishek")){
return 0; //wrong password
}
return -1; //wrong username
}

int totalQues;

int login_setup(int new_fd)
{
//login inititalizations
char login_det[16];
char username[9],password[9], login_statMsg[7], totalQuesMsg[5] = TOTAL_QUES;
totalQues = atoi(totalQuesMsg);
//for user
int userId;

//for wrongRecv
ssize_t send_ret,recv_ret;

//getting username and password
recv_ret = recv(new_fd,login_det,16,0);
if(recv_ret == 0)
{
return -2;
}
wrongRecv(recv_ret,16);

//extracting username nad password
strncpy(username,login_det,8);
strncpy(password,login_det+8,8);
username[8]='\0'; password[8]='\0';
//printf("username(%s) and password(%s)\n",username,password);

if( (userId = login(username,password)) > 0) {
//printf("%d\n",userId);

//sending status
strncpy(login_statMsg, LOGIN_OK, 2);
strncpy(login_statMsg + 2, totalQuesMsg , 5);
send_ret = send(new_fd, login_statMsg,7,0);
if(send_ret == 0)
{
return -2;
}
wrongRecv(send_ret,7);

//TODO error checking then handling if error

//users[userId][0] = 0; //score
users[userId][1] = new_fd; //file descriptor associated with this user
//users[userId][2] = 0; //answer time
return 1;
}
else if(userId == -1) { //wrong username
strncpy(login_statMsg, LOGIN_WrongUsername, 2);
strncpy(login_statMsg + 2, totalQuesMsg , 5);
send_ret = send(new_fd, login_statMsg,7,0);
if(send_ret == 0)
{
return -2;
}
wrongRecv(send_ret,7);
return 0;
}
else{
strncpy(login_statMsg, LOGIN_WrongPassword, 2);
strncpy(login_statMsg + 2, totalQuesMsg , 5);
send_ret = send(new_fd, login_statMsg,7,0);
if(send_ret == 0)
{
return -2;
}
wrongRecv(send_ret,7);
return 0;
}
//TODO erorr handling of above two case
//TODO make login a loop
}

void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
if (sa->sa_family == AF_INET) {
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
}

return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}

int main(void)
{
int listen_fd, new_fd; // listen on sock_fd, new connection on new_fd
struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;
struct sockaddr_storage their_addr;//connection's address info
socklen_t sin_size;
int yes=1;
char s[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
int rv;

memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;//IPv4 or IPv6
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE; // use my IP

if((rv = getaddrinfo(NULL,PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0){ //getting which IPv server supports
fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n",gai_strerror(rv));
return 1;
}

//loop through all the result and bind to the first we can
for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next){
if((listen_fd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1){
perror("server : socket");
continue;
}

if(setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(int)) == -1){
perror("set sockopt");
exit(1);
}

if(bind(listen_fd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1){
close(listen_fd);
perror("server: bind");
continue;
}

break;
}

if(p == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "server:failed to bind\n");
return 2;
}

freeaddrinfo(servinfo);//all done with this structure

if(listen(listen_fd, BACKLOG) == -1){
perror("listen");
exit(1);
}
//printf("listen_fd(%d)\n",listen_fd );

// sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler; // reap all dead processes
// sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
// sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
// if(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == -1){
// perror("sigaction");
// exit(1);
// }

printf("server waiting for connections.....\n");

fd_set master; //master file descriptor list
fd_set read_fds; //temp file descriptor list for select()
int fdmax;
FD_ZERO(&master); //clear the master and temp sets
FD_ZERO(&read_fds);

FD_SET(listen_fd, &master);

//keep track of the bigge file descriptor
fdmax = listen_fd; // so far it is this one

ssize_t recv_ret, send_ret;

//for login
int loginStatus;
struct sigaction sa;
sa.sa_handler = alarm_handler;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
//sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
if(sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL) == -1){
perror("sigaction");
exit(1);
}

//login while
alarm(LOGIN_WAIT);//accepting login only for 10 seconds
timer = 1;
printf("\n-----------------------------Waiting for users to login for %d seconds.-----------------------------\n",LOGIN_WAIT);
while(timer) {
sin_size = sizeof their_addr;
new_fd = accept(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&their_addr, &sin_size);
if(new_fd == -1){
//perror("accept");
break;// this break is very important , as we are using alarm(Signals) and accept is a blocking function
//If accept is in blocked sate and our signal comes then accept will exit returning error. So
//if error then we have to break else next satements will run on falsy values.
//In reality we dont need this as I alredy set the SA_RESTART flag in sigaction which means
//after returning from the signal handler restart the activity on which you are previously
//instead of starting execution from next line.
}else {

inet_ntop(their_addr.ss_family, get_in_addr((struct sockaddr *)&their_addr), s, sizeof s);
printf("server : got connection from %s\n", s);

//LOGIN //need to call login function via thread because this
//may stop the function if user doesnot respond
loginStatus = login_setup(new_fd);

//adding to select checkup
if(loginStatus) {
printf("User Loginned Succesfully\n");
}
}
}
printf("-----------------------------Login Closed. Now starting the QUIZ.-----------------------------\n");

//for randome seek
srand(time(NULL));

//for main loop counter
int i, win_fd;

//for questions
int QID = 0;
int maxQues_Len = 40, maxOpt_len = 10, maxQuesId_len = 5;//including '\0' this time
char quesMsg[80], answer[6];//score doesnot include \0
//char ques[40], optA[10], optB[10], optC[10], optD[10];

//for time calculation of each answer
ssize_t time_ques, time_ans;

//getting all avialable participants
fdmax = 0;
FD_ZERO(&master);
for(i = 0; i < MAX_USERS; i++) {
if( (new_fd = users[i][1]) != 0){
FD_SET(new_fd, &master);
if(new_fd > fdmax)
fdmax = new_fd;
//printf("%d\n",new_fd);
}
}

int current_rtt;
//while for main quiz
while(totalQues--) {

//checking who are ready for witing
if(select(fdmax+1, NULL, &master, NULL, NULL) == -1){//here select will return withh all the descriptors which are
//ready to write , all others have to miss this question
perror("select");
exit(1);
}

//setting which question to send
QID++;

//for sending questions to all
for(i = 0; i <= fdmax; i++) {
if(FD_ISSET(i, &master)) {
//rtt check
current_rtt = rtt_check(i);
if(current_rtt == -2) {//connection closed
FD_CLR(i, &master);
users_deleteFd(i);
continue;
}
//setting question
//nextQues(quesMsg, ques, optA, optB, optC, optD);
nextQues(quesMsg, QID);
printf("Sending Question QID(%s) fd(%d)\n",quesMsg,i);
//send a question
time_ques = time(NULL);
send_ret = send(i, quesMsg, maxQues_Len + 4 * maxOpt_len + maxQuesId_len, 0);
if(send_ret == 0) {//connection closed
FD_CLR(i, &master);
users_deleteFd(i);
continue;
}
wrongRecv(send_ret, maxQues_Len + 4 * maxOpt_len + maxQuesId_len);
}
}

//ASSUMING Question is send ot all the users at same time   
//receiving and waiting for answers
alarm(MAX_ANSWER_TIME);
timer = 1;
FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
read_fds = master;
// unsigned int qq = read_fds.fd_count;
// for (int ii = 0; ii < qq; ++ii)
// {
// printf("%d\n",read_fds.fd_array[i] );
// }
while(timer) {
//printf("HURRAY\n");
if(select(fdmax+1, &read_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL) <=0){
perror("select");
//exit(4);
break;//break is important. Explained above
}

for(i = 0; i <= fdmax; i++) {
//printf("Recving answer I(%d)\n",i);
if(FD_ISSET(i, &read_fds)) {
//receiving answer
//TODO if we get answer to wrong ques
printf("Recving answer I(%d) fdmax (%d)\n",i,fdmax);
recv_ret = recv(i,answer,6,0);
time_ans = time(NULL);
wrongRecv(recv_ret,6);
printf("%s\n",answer );
if(recv_ret == 0)//connection closed
{
FD_CLR(i, &read_fds);
FD_CLR(i, &master);
users_deleteFd(i);
continue;
}else if(recv_ret > 0){
if(QID == atoi(answer)) { //we have received the answer to this question so remove the user from wait answer loop
FD_CLR(i, &read_fds);
//printf("%s i(%d)\n","#######",i );
answerCheck(i ,answer, current_rtt, (int) difftime(time_ans,time_ques));
//printf("Answer(%c)\n",answer[0]);
}
else{//we have recvd something unexpectable so ignore for NOW

}
}

//time_t cccc = time(NULL);
//printf("%s I(%d)\n",ctime(&cccc),i);
}
}
}
//comparing answers
win_fd = compareAnswer();
//sending score
}
return 0;
}

Client.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define PORT "3490" //the port client will be connecting to

#define MAXDATASIZE 100 // max number of bytes we can get at once

//get sockaddr ,IPv4 or IPv6:
void *get_in_addr(struct sockaddr *sa)
{
if(sa->sa_family ==AF_INET) {
return &(((struct sockaddr_in*)sa)->sin_addr);
}

return &(((struct sockaddr_in6*)sa)->sin6_addr);
}

wrongRecv(ssize_t recvd, ssize_t expctd)
{

if(recvd != expctd)
{
printf("Recvd(%zd) bytes not equal to expected(%zd) bytes\n",recvd,expctd);
getchar();
}
}

void rtt_check(int sockfd)
{
ssize_t send_ret, recv_ret;
char rtt_check[1];
recv_ret = recv(sockfd, rtt_check, 1,0);
wrongRecv(recv_ret,1);
sleep(1);//to check
send_ret = send(sockfd, "r", 1, 0);
wrongRecv(send_ret, 1);

return;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int sockfd, numbytes;
char buf[MAXDATASIZE];
struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;
int rv;
char s[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];

if(argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr,"usage: client hostname\n");
exit(1);
}

memset(&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;

if((rv = getaddrinfo(argv[1], PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"getaddrinfo: %s\n",gai_strerror(rv));
return 1;
}

//lopp through all the results and connect to the first we can
for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) {
if((sockfd = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1){
perror("client: socket");
continue;
}

if(connect(sockfd, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1){
close(sockfd);
perror("client: connect");
continue;
}

break;
}

if(p ==NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"client: failed to connect\n");
return 2;
}

inet_ntop(p->ai_family, get_in_addr((struct sockaddr *)p->ai_addr), s, sizeof s);
printf("client : connecting to %s\n", s);

freeaddrinfo(servinfo); // all done with this structure
char login_det[17] = "abhishekabhishek";
char login_retMsg[7], login_stat[3], totalQuesMsg[5];
int totalQues;

//sending login details
ssize_t send_ret,recv_ret;
send_ret = send(sockfd, login_det,16,0);
wrongRecv(send_ret,16);

//receiving login status
recv_ret = recv(sockfd,login_retMsg,7,0);
wrongRecv(recv_ret,7);

strncpy(login_stat, login_retMsg, 2);
login_stat[2] = '\0';
printf("Login Status(%s)\n",login_stat);
strncpy(totalQuesMsg, login_retMsg + 2, 5);
totalQues = atoi(totalQuesMsg);
printf("totalQues(%d)\n",totalQues);

if(!strcmp(login_stat,"OK")) { //login ok
char quesId[5];
int maxQues_Len = 40, maxOpt_len = 10, maxQuesId_len = 5;//including '\0' this time
char quesMsg[80], scoreMsg[1];//score doesnot include \0
char ques[40], optA[10], optB[10], optC[10], optD[10];
char answer[6];

while(totalQues--) {
//checking rtt
rtt_check(sockfd);
//receving question
recv_ret = recv(sockfd, quesMsg, maxQues_Len + 4 * maxOpt_len + maxQuesId_len ,0);
wrongRecv(recv_ret, maxQues_Len + 4 * maxOpt_len + maxQuesId_len);
strncpy(quesId,quesMsg,5);
strncpy(ques, quesMsg + 05, 40);
strncpy(optA, quesMsg + 45, 10);
strncpy(optB, quesMsg + 55, 10);
strncpy(optC, quesMsg + 65, 10);
strncpy(optD, quesMsg + 75, 10);
printf("QUESID(%s) Question(%s), A(%s) , B(%s) , C(%s) , D(%s)\n", quesId, ques, optA, optB, optC, optD);

//choose answer
scoreMsg[0] = 'B';

strncpy(answer,quesId, 5);
answer[5] = scoreMsg[0];
sleep(5);

//sending answer
send_ret = send(sockfd, answer,6,0);
wrongRecv(send_ret,6);
printf("%s\n","Answer Message Sent" );

// if((numbytes = recv(sockfd, buf, MAXDATASIZE-1, 0)) == -1) {
// perror("recv");
// exit(1);
// }

// buf[numbytes] = '\0';

// printf("client: received '%s'\n",buf);
}
}
//TODO wrong login
close(sockfd);
return 0;
}