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Diffusion Example 2: Which diffusion ean? The initial carbon concentration in an iron bar is 0.20%....
In carburizing an alloy that initially has a uniform carbon concentration of .25 wt% and is...
In carburizing an alloy that initially has a uniform carbon concentration of .25 wt% and is to be treated at 1223 K, if the concentration of carbon at the surface is suddenly brought to and maintained at 1.20 wt%, how long will it take to achieve a carbon content of 0.80 wt% at a position of 0.5 mm below the surface? The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m 2 /s.
Find the carbon concentration which can be achieved after 19.7 h at a position 2 mm...
Find the carbon concentration which can be achieved after 19.7 h
at a position 2 mm of a
-iron/carbon alloy with initial concentration of 0.2 wt% C. The
concentration in the surface is maintained at 1.30 wt% C, and the
treatment is conducted at 1000 °C. For diffusion coefficient, use
the diffusion data for
-Fe in Table 6.2 in the textbook.
z
erf(z)
0.85
0.7707
0.90
0.7970
An apparatus has been created to measure the diffusion coefficient of carbon through iron. It is...
An apparatus has been created to measure the diffusion coefficient of carbon through iron. It is composed of a chamber filled with a carbon rich gas. A 0.5 m long iron pipe passes through the chamber. A gas with very little carbon flows through the pipe and a detector on the exit of the pipe counts the total amount of carbon atoms flowing out of the pipe with time, giving J = 0.032 mol/day. The outer and inner diameter of...
UTVER VIS Concentration of Nitrogen (wt%): = 0.21 Position in mm= 7.2 Diffusion Coefficient for Nitrogen...
UTVER VIS Concentration of Nitrogen (wt%): = 0.21 Position in mm= 7.2 Diffusion Coefficient for Nitrogen in Iron at 700°C -8.90E-10 Nitrogen in Iron Heat Treatment Time (hours): = 8 Carburizing Time (hrs): = 7 Steel Alloy Case Depth (mm): 4.8 Steel Alloy New Case Depth (mm) - 9.9 Activation Energy kJ/mol: = 103 Temperature for Problem 3 (Celsius) -809 . Data for Problem 4 Temperature in C: -595 Diffusivity (m2/s) = 5.62E-14 Temperature in C: -702 Diffusivity (m /s)...
During the non-steady state diffusion of nitrogen in a semi-infinite bar of steel, it is found...
During the non-steady state diffusion of nitrogen in a semi-infinite bar of steel, it is found that it takes 5 hours to reach a concentration of 1.38 wt% nitrogen at a depth of 1.0 mm. How much time would it take to reach the same concentration of nitrogen at a depth of 2.0 mm assuming the same surface and initial concentrations. Co = 1.38 wt%, Given T = 800 °C, D = 2.22 x 10-10 m?s-1, Cor = Owt%, Cs...
3. For the carburization process in problem #2 above the surface carbon concentration is at 1.0...
3. For the carburization process in problem #2 above the surface carbon concentration is at 1.0 wt% C. The initial carbon concentration of the steel is 0.2 wt%. Calculate how long it will take at 10000C to reacha carbon concentration of 0.6 wt% at a distance of 1 mm from the surface. Assume this is a semi-infinite solid. region. The density of y-iron (FCC) at 1000°C is 7.63 g/cm3, Do = 20x106 m2/s; Q = 142,000 J/mol
2. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.40 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and...
2. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.40 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1325 K (1052°C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere—that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.25 wt% after a 10-h treatment?...
Quantitative: Fick’s first law helps us understand the relationship between a molecule’s concentration gradient (the difference...
Quantitative: Fick’s first law helps us understand the relationship between a molecule’s concentration gradient (the difference in its concentration at two locations) and its flux. This can be super important for the delivery of drugs to help cure human illnesses. As one example, we’ll think about a transdermal patch that provides medicine to the body. Scopolamine patches are used to treat motion sickness. Scopolamine comes from the nightshade family and is similar to acetylcholine. It antagonizes acetylcholine activity, preventing acetylcholine from...
10. Write a one-page summary of the attached paper? INTRODUCTION Many problems can develop in activated...
10. Write a one-page summary of the attached paper? INTRODUCTION Many problems can develop in activated sludge operation that adversely affect effluent quality with origins in the engineering, hydraulic and microbiological components of the process. The real "heart" of the activated sludge system is the development and maintenance of a mixed microbial culture (activated sludge) that treats wastewater and which can be managed. One definition of a wastewater treatment plant operator is a "bug farmer", one who controls the aeration...
Find the carbon concentration which can be achieved after 19.7 h
at a position 2 mm of a
-iron/carbon alloy with initial concentration of 0.2 wt% C. The
concentration in the surface is maintained at 1.30 wt% C, and the
treatment is conducted at 1000 °C. For diffusion coefficient, use
the diffusion data for
-Fe in Table 6.2 in the textbook.
z
erf(z)
0.85
0.7707
0.90
0.7970
UTVER VIS Concentration of Nitrogen (wt%): = 0.21 Position in mm= 7.2 Diffusion Coefficient for Nitrogen in Iron at 700°C -8.90E-10 Nitrogen in Iron Heat Treatment Time (hours): = 8 Carburizing Time (hrs): = 7 Steel Alloy Case Depth (mm): 4.8 Steel Alloy New Case Depth (mm) - 9.9 Activation Energy kJ/mol: = 103 Temperature for Problem 3 (Celsius) -809 . Data for Problem 4 Temperature in C: -595 Diffusivity (m2/s) = 5.62E-14 Temperature in C: -702 Diffusivity (m /s)...
During the non-steady state diffusion of nitrogen in a semi-infinite bar of steel, it is found that it takes 5 hours to reach a concentration of 1.38 wt% nitrogen at a depth of 1.0 mm. How much time would it take to reach the same concentration of nitrogen at a depth of 2.0 mm assuming the same surface and initial concentrations. Co = 1.38 wt%, Given T = 800 °C, D = 2.22 x 10-10 m?s-1, Cor = Owt%, Cs...
3. For the carburization process in problem #2 above the surface carbon concentration is at 1.0 wt% C. The initial carbon concentration of the steel is 0.2 wt%. Calculate how long it will take at 10000C to reacha carbon concentration of 0.6 wt% at a distance of 1 mm from the surface. Assume this is a semi-infinite solid. region. The density of y-iron (FCC) at 1000°C is 7.63 g/cm3, Do = 20x106 m2/s; Q = 142,000 J/mol
2. An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.40 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1325 K (1052°C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere—that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what position will the carbon concentration be 0.25 wt% after a 10-h treatment?...
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