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How can internal and external validity be increased in an experiment

How can internal and external validity be increased in an experiment

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According to Kelly “a test is valid if it measures what it claims to measure.

A distinction can be made between both the (internal and external )validity. These types of validity are used to evaluate the validity of a research study.

Internal validity refers to whether the effects observed in a study are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not some other factor.

or there is a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variable.

It can be improved by controlling extraneous variables, using standardized instructions, counter balancing, and eliminating demand characteristics and investigator effects.

External validity refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other settings (ecological validity), other people (population validity) and over time (historical validity).

External validity can be improved by setting experiments in a more natural setting and using random sampling to select participants.

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