Question

47. A drug counselor thinks that young adults who use drugs are more likely to gamble than young adults who do not use drugs. To test this hypothesis, the drug counselor assessed the gambling habits of 180 young adults (25 years old). One group regularly drank alcohol, one group regularly smoked cigarettes, one group regularly used illegal drugs and one group did not use any drugs at all. The table are the results of a gambling questionnaire where higher scores indicate a greater gambling habit. Refer to the analysis table below the questions. n the a. What is the quasi-independent variable? b. What is the dependent variable? c. What type of test is this? Be specific. d. Write the null hypothesis. e. Write the appropriate alternative hypothesis. f. What is the critical value? g. What is the value of the test statistic? h. Is the result significant? i. Do you need to calculate Tukey HSD? If so which groups are significantly different? j. Write the result in correct APA statistical notation. k. Summarize the results in one sentence, without using statistical language. cigarette smokers illegal drug users alcohol users non-drug users 45 222 4.933333 4.381818 45 217 4.822222 2.740404 45 207 45 184 4.088889 3.355556 4.6 2.836364 MS F P-value F crit Source of Variation SS Between Groups 18.95556 3 6.318519 1.898288 0.131606 2.655939 Within Groups 585.8222 176 3.328535 604.7778 179 Total

Answer 1

a) Quasi independent variable : Variable that allows the comparison of groups of participants without doing any modifications is called "Quasi independent variables"

b) Dependent variable : This is a variable whose values depends upon independent variables and this can be measured in an experiment or it can be evaluated in mathematical equation. This is also called " Outcome Variable"

d) Null Hypothesis : In this hypothesis , that there is no relationship between two phenomenon

e) Alternative Hypothesis : The hypothesis that states that a population parameter is smaller or greater or different than the hypothesized values in the null hypothesis . This hypothesis can be either one sided or two sided

f) Critical Value : This value defines that a point on the test distribution that is compared to test statistics to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis

Critical values correspond to α, so their values become fixed when you choose the test's α.

g) The test statistics is used to calculate P - values , then the test statistics measures the degree of agreement between a sample of data and null hypothesis