Question

1. (a) What are the water quality parameters that indicate the various forms of soluble carbonaceous (carbon containing) material. Give their names and indicate their differences (15 points). (b) What is SVI? Explain how it is determined and what is its operational significance (10 points)

Answer 1

Solutioni- @ * Acidity: Normal method of Analysis Titration klith Sodium Hydroxide. Health significance → No particular implications apart from palatability, consil - deration in excessively acid waters. * Alkalinity: Normal method of Analysis Titration with I Sulphuric Acid. Health signiflcance there is little known sanit any significance attaching to alkalinity

en upto 400mgh CaCO3), though unpalatability may result in highly alkaline waters. & carbon-di-oxide [tree];- normal method of Analipsis - Tulation worth sodium carbonate. Health significance None. X Hardness i Normal method al Analysis - Titration with EDTA Health significance Hardners is a natural characteristic of water which can enhance its palatability and consumer acceptability ? for drinking purposes. Health studies in a several countries in recent years indicate that mortality rates from heart diseases are lover in areas with hard water. x Hydrocarbons ;- Normal method of Analysis – Gravimetric Gas Chromatographic Health significance The main implications are organoeptic in the context of this parameter as covered by the Directives and Regulations, but many compler hydrocarbons ax cărcinogenic

* Organic carbon Normal method of Analysis > Instrumentai Health significance - No direct significance but an indicator of overall purity of water, * Phenolsi- Normal method of Analysis chloroform/4- - Amino antipyrene Extraction method . Health significance; Many phenolic compound -ds corrosive and tonic to a marked extent, but their primary significance in waters is Organoleptic. 6 Svi ( Sludge Volume Index) :- * It is used to describe the setting characteris - tics of sludge in the ceration lank Pn Activated slidge process. * It is a promis control parameter to determi -ne the recycle rate of sludge. * It was introduced by Mohlman in 1934, and has become the standard measure of the physical characteristics of activated sudge processes. It is defined as the volume occupied by Igram of activated sludge after setting the aerated liquid for 30 minutes.

SVI (melg) = settled sludge volume (ml/L) x 1000 / mixed legour suspended solids (MLSS) (imgl). AS MLSS is mostly given in gl, and because the sudge often has to be diluted before analyzing the settling volume, the equation will be SVI (mug) = settled sludge volume (ml/L) / mixed Ugoui suspended solids" (MLSS) (mglu) * (1000 cm) original sudge sample mu]. Significance ;- * It gives a more accurate picture of the sludge settling characteristics than settleability of MLSS alone. * Bludge volume index [SVI) is an extremely useful parameter to measure in a waterwatll treat -ment process. * It is used to indicate the physical state of Bludge produced in a biological aeration system .