Question

e HPA axis involves the initial activation of the: a. hypothalamus b. hindbrain 18. Th c.hippocampus d. heart 19. Each of the following is the result of activation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to a stressor EXCEPT: a. heart rate increases b. pupils dilate c. breathing becomes more rapid d. muscle tension decreases ??20. In humans, the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome involves: a. the inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system b. the production of cortisol, which helps the body respond to stress C. Reduced production of both norepinephrine and epinephrine d. Deactivation of the sympathetic nervous system ??21. Ifpeople are randomly assigned to Groups A and B, given what you have learned about members of each group will: you could predict that the a. favor members of their own group because of ingroup bias b. not favor members of their own group because of random assignment c. demonstrate altruism toward the other group d favor neither members of their own group nor members of the other group

Answer 1

• 18.The HPA axis involves initial activation of the hypothalamus.The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is our central stress response system. The HPA axis is an eloquent and every-dynamic intertwining of the central nervous system and endocrine system. This system works in a fairly straight-forward manner.
  
• 19.muslce tension decreases is not true;In response to acute stress, the body's sympathetic nervous system is activated due to the sudden release of hormones. The sympathetic nervous systems stimulates the adrenal glands triggering the release of catecholamines, which include adrenaline and noradrenaline. This results in an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate. After the threat is gone, it takes between 20 to 60 minutes for the body to return to its pre-arousal levels.
  
• 20.production of cortisol which helps the body o respond to stress; The first stage is the alarm stage, which provides a burst of energy.
• During the alarm stage, the body responds to the distress signal sent to the hypothalamus with a burst of energy to help deal with the stressor. If you were walking at night and something jumped out from behind a tree, your hypothalamus would tell the pituitary gland to release glucocorticoids, which are hormones. In response, the adrenal glands release cortisol and adrenaline to help the body react. In addition to an increase in heart rate and breathing rate, blood glucose levels increase to boost energy.

• 21.favour members of their own group because of ingroup bias.The minimal group paradigm was first used in the 1960s to examine whether social prejudice and discriminatory behavior result from the mere categorization of people into ingroups and outgroups.