Question

7. Describe the process of clotting by naming the factors involved and their actions on each other.

8. Why do veins have valves but arteries don't?

9. How can Type O blood be donated to anyone ("universal donor") but those with Type O can only receive Type O blood?

10. Since muscles can only contract, explain how the contraction of the diaphragm expands your chest cavity and helps you breathe.

12. What are the sporophyte and gametophyte stages and which stages is the predominant stage in each of the four major groups of land plants?

15. The fern ____(leaf) may have on its underside some small brownish spots called ______, which consists of clusters of lollipop-shaped __________ that produce spores.

19. What is the common name of plants in the phylum Equisetum that originated from their common use by native American Indians and early pioneer settlers?

Answer 1

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with #nswer. I Blond Clottinge i It is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a pels which forms 1 blood clot This process of clotting consists of activation , adhesión and aggregation of platelets also deposition and maturation of' fibrine 5. There are several factors which takes place during Cogulation Lo factor Il fibrinogen) • Factor II C Prothrombin) factor tu (tissue thromboplastin) (tissue Factory Factor 1 r ionized calcium Catt • Factor I [ Liabile factor or proaccelerin Factor VI ( unassioned) -_. factor VIL [stable factor or proconvertin) • Factor y Cantihemophilic factor). • Fastor Ir (plasma thromboplastin component) • Factor & I Stuart. Prower factor) ? • factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedant) • factor XI (Hageman factor 2 • factor XML (fa fibrina'stabilizing factor) All these_thirteen clotting factors participate in the process of

Blood Glotting Tissue damaged .. ou injuued | Releases Thromboplasting Catt Proteins Blood Plateletes I Releases Platelet thromboplastin Cat+ Proteins Preleases Meleases : Prothrombinase Poolhrombis . This inactivates heparin Poland catalyses in scatt y Thrombin | Catalyses fibrinogen fibrin I + Blood cells | Clot

Vita _Answer: 8 Veins : They are the blood vessels they carny blood from all parts of body to heart. They carry deoxygenoted blood (which contain Co, Lexce _thei! pulmonary vein ( they carry oxygenated blood)

2 Veins contain values to prevent_flow back of blood and make the blood travel in one direction But → Arteries are those which carmy oxygenated blood from heart to all the body parts. The arteries I don't seguire valves because the pressure from the heart is very strong and due to which blood flow only in' one direction. Answer. 9 Blood Group o The blood Group has no antipen on RBCs of any of A or B. Due to this also they donot have Rh antiệen in blood. Because of these Het Measons the blood Group "O" is universal donan, But "o blood has antibdies A, B in the plasma due to which they cannot accept blood of any other type blit om, so we can say that blood Group B is universal donor but not Hecepienti. Answer-lo - Diaphragm It is a thin skeletal wwscle, it is present at the base of the chest and separates the lower body from beper

истесье Function of Diaphragm in Breathing in When we inhale, the diaphraom muscle which mer the length contracts and diameter and due of chest to cavity which the lungs expeńds. This reduces the pressure outside the lungs . To balance the pressure the air move inside the lungs. S 2. When we exhale, the diaphraQm Melaxes, which cause the length and diameter of chest cavity to decrease and Shrink / contract and pressure increase and the air moves' outside the lungs. Inhale Ribs and bei Ribs sternum move inued maised Volime decrease & the Scholen Robson 01 to original position of a -Volume e. OVA TAT Tünels increase Diaphraam relaxed and Diophmom contract move inwand nswer. 12 Sporophytes AILplants and animals have to go through Life cycle in which they go under_changes rin Qeneration , → In this process, it is a non-sexual phases in this samudiploid plant r having two sets of chromosomes.) grows and !_produce spores by the processus meosis. . These spoves divide mitotically to produce haploid. L

( having single set of chromosomes) called gamete - producing game tophytes. - Gametophytes. N e This is the sexual phase of Life cycle of plants and algae. In this two different phases occurs. In this phase, which is haploid male and fe 'develop and produce eggs and sperms through simple' mitosis' for sexual reproduction, male organs 2