Question

Question 2 (a) Define algorithm and give an example to illustrate it. [5 marks] (b) The following C program codes are given below 1.#include <stdio.h> 2. main() char s 1-"Bad"; 6 7 char s1 -"weather!"; char sen [20]; int i, ji for (i-0;i<20: ++i) 10. sen [i]-s [i]; else 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17 18. 19 sen [i++ for ( j-o;s1 [j] !-'\0 ' ; j ++ , i++) sen [i]-s1 [j break; 20. 21 22. sen [il-'1o puts (sen) Based on the above code segment, answer the following i. What is the output of the program? [3 marks] What will be the output when line 14 is removed from the program? [2 marks] ii. ii. What will be the output when sen [i] in lines 16 and 20 are replaced with sen [j]? [3 marks] iv. What will happen if sen [20] at line 6 is replaced with an array of size 10? [2 marks] v. Rewrite the following segment of code using the while control structure for (j 0;s1 [j] !-'0'j+, i++) sen [i]-sl [j [5 marks]

Answer 1

1.a)

What is Algorithm

An algorithm can be defined in different ways such as

• It is a set of rules for carrying out calculation either by hand or on a machine

• It is a finite step – by – step procedure to achieve a required result.
• It is a sequence of computational steps that transform the input into the output.
• It is a sequence of operations performed on data that have to be organized in data structures.
• It is an abstraction of a program to be executed on a physical machine.(Mode of computation)

An algorithm can also be viewed as a tool for solving a well specified computational problem.

In other word we can define the algorithm as "A finite sequence of unambiguous steps terminating in a finite amount of time for all possible inputs of finite size."

Example:

Algorithm to check the number as even or odd

Algorithm CHECK(a)

step-1 : IF A MOD 2 = 0 THEN:

WRITE : "EVEN"

ELSE:

WRITE "ODD"

[END OF IF]

STEP-2 : RETURN

B)

i) The output of the program will be Bad weather!

Explanation: The line number 10 and 11 copies all the characters of s to sen. After copy it will add a space to sen due to line number 14. Again due to line number 15 and 16 all the characters of s1 will append with sen.

Now due to break the loop will terminate

Due to statement of line number 20 sen will turn to a string.

So the statement of line number 21 will print Bad weather!

ii) If we will remove the line number 14 from the program the the output will be : Badweather!

Explanation : If line number 14 will remove from the code so space will not be append to the sen. So output will be Badweather!

iii) When line number 16 and 20 will be replaced by sen[j] then output will be : weather!

Explanation : If we remode the line number 16 and 20 so the code will be sen[j]=s1[j] for j=0 to last character of s1.

So instead of append the characters of s1 will copy from the 0th location of sen. Due to line nubmer 20 a null character will be assigned to last of sen. So out put will be weather!

iv) when sen[20] will replaced with sen[10] then the output will be Bad weather!

Explanation : It should produce only 10 characters but in practically in case of array a number of characters can be stored beyond the limit of array declared, when memory will be free. So output will be Bad weather!

v) The equivalent while loop will be

j=0;

while(s1[j]!='\0')

{

sen[i]= s1[j];

j++;

i++;

}