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9. a. What are the advantages of using a glass substrate for a magnetic disk? b. How are data written and read onto/from a magnetic disk? c. What common characteristics are shared by all RAID levels? Describe the seven RAID levels with appropriate illustrations. Explain the term striped data. How is redundancy achieved in a RAID system? d. Consider a 4-drive, 200GB-per-drive RAID array. What is the available data storage capacity for each of the RAID levels 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6? d. Consider a single-platter disk with the following parameters: rotation speed: 7200 rpm; number of tracks on one side of platter: 30,000; number of sectors per track: 600; seek time: one ms for every hundred tracks traversed. Let the disk receive a request to access a random sector on a random track and assume the disk head starts at track 0. i. What is the average seek time? ii. What is the average rotational latency? iii. What is the transfer time for a sector? iv. What is the total average time to satisfy a request?

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