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how do I know if a compound is a base or an acid just by looking...

how do I know if a compound is a base or an acid just by looking at its formula? i know how to determine acid and bases based on the whole equation, but it is hard to know just by looking at the compound, for example, Hco3, is it a base or an acid and how do we know, are there steps I can use? please give me examples with the explanation

when I look at the formula for Hco3, i see an acid because there is no OH and a polyatomic is there, but when it reacts with water, it is called a base because it receives H from the water, how do I know it is a base without seeing the reaction

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