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In reflection and refraction of light, all angles are traditionally defined with respect to the perpendicular...

  1. In reflection and refraction of light, all angles are traditionally defined with respect to the perpendicular to the surface/interface at which the light is incident. When a ray of light travels from medium1 (whose refractive index is n1) to medium2 (whose refractive index is n2), it does the following:
  1. Bends further away from the perpendicular to the surface/interface if n1 > n2.
  2. Bends toward the perpendicular to the surface/interface if n1 > n2.
  3. Continues without changing its path (undeflected) even if n1 > n2.
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