Question

What are processing delay, queuing delay, transmission delay, and propagation delay respectively? Explain in detail why the traffic intensity should be no greater than one (1) when designing a network system?

Answer 1

Processing Delay is the delay which occurs due to routers which takes time process packet headers. This is key component in network delay.
Queueing delay occurs when j a process or job waits in queue to until execution. In switched network, queuing delay is the delay in completion of signal by the callee and the arrive of ringing signal receiver. It's also key component in network delay.
Transmission delay is the delay in pushing all packets over a network ie. delay in data-transmission rate. Mathematically transmission delay is the function of packet's length that doesn't depends on distance between two nodes, it depends on packet's length in bits.
Propagation delay is the amount of time required for signal to travel from sender to reciever. It can be calculated via using ratio of link length and propagation speed.
In network System traffic intensity is the calculation of how much load does a server is paying at a time. It's mesured in traffic units. If traffic intensity will be greater than one then arrival bit rate will be increased and queuing delay will also increases. And if less than one then server can handle more and more average traffics.
Traffic Intensity can be calculated as = a*L/R
where a is avg arrival rate, L is avg packet length and R is transmission Rate.

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