Metal medical instruments
Metal medical instruments, glassware and media for microbial culture are usually sterilized in autoclaves. These equipment are rigid and insulated containers where the materials are exposed to high temperatures and pressures.
An autoclave which operates at 125°C is kept at this temperature by having a two-phase mixture of liquid water and vapor with a quality of 0.9 in it. Total volume of the autoclave is 1.2 m3. During a test run, the autoclave is loaded with only the required amount of water (saturated liquid at 25°C). The autoclave is then sealed tightly and the water is heated by an electric heater.
(For your calculations below, neglect everything in the autoclave except the water.)
(a) The company selling the autoclave claims that it takes 30 minutes to go from saturated liquid water at 25°C to the set conditions (125°C, two-phase mixture with quality = 0.9). You see that the electric heater has a maximum power of 1 kW. Is the company’s claim possible? Show calculations to support your answer and explain briefly. Assume that all of the electric heater power goes to the water.
(Hint: You only need the 1st Law to solve this.)
(b) What is the change in entropy of the water? (in kJ/K)
(c) What is the entropy generation? (in kJ/K)
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