Homework Answers
As enols have electron rich double bonds they behave as nucleophiles and react with electrophiles.
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Enols allow for alpha-substitution of aldehydes and ketones because they chemically behave as
Why do esters, carboxylic acids and amides undergo acyl substitution but aldehydes and ketones cannot?
Why do esters, carboxylic acids and amides undergo acyl substitution but aldehydes and ketones cannot?
1. why is the cannizzaro reaction limited to aldehydes having no alpha hydrogen atoms? 2. why...
1. why is the cannizzaro reaction limited to aldehydes having no alpha hydrogen atoms? 2. why do ketones having no alpha hydrogen atoms not undergo the Cannizzaro reaction?
In step I the alpha bromination of ketones is acid catalyzed.
1. In step I the alpha bromination of ketones is acid catalyzed. a. What acid is formed as Step 1 progresses? b. Why are alpha bromination reactions acid catalyzed? 2. Substitution of bromine by t-butyl amine is the second step of the reaction today. Secondary alkyl halides can undergo substitution by Sn1 or Sn2 mechanisms. Explain (in terms of electronic interactions) why an Sn2 mechanism is favored when the halogen is alpha to a carbonyl. (Hint: Like charges on adjacent atoms are unfavorable)
4 Show two different combinations of phosphorous ylides and aldehydes or ketones that would react to...
4 Show two different combinations of phosphorous ylides and aldehydes or ketones that would react to make the following compounds. a) b) 5 For each of the phosphorous ylides in Question 5, show how it would bE made from an alkyl halide and triphenylphosphine. Note any reaction that may not work well. Phosphines like triphenylphosphine are relatively good, relatively non-basic nucleophiles. Because a phosphorous atom is large, the three phenyl groups are only a minor steric issue
8. The interconversion of two constitutional isomers via the change in position of a lone pair...
8. The interconversion of two constitutional isomers via the change in position of a lone pair and are bond is called 9. The enol form of carbonyl compounds make the a-carbon chemically behave as 10. The a-halogenation of aldehydes and ketones make their acarbon a(n) 11. Grignard reagents must be used in media strictly free of proton sources because they otherwise produce a 12. The Tollens reagent oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids and its reduction product is 13. Catalytic hydrogenation...
1.)Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones that contain multiple ___________ groups. hydroxyl phosphate methyl amino 2.) The...
1.)Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones that contain multiple ___________ groups. hydroxyl phosphate methyl amino 2.) The type of lipid that contains a four-ring structure and does not contain fatty acids is: glycolipid. phospholipid. steroid. triglyceride. none of the above 3.)Amino acids contain a(n): "R" side chain. carboxylic acid group. amine group. all of the above none of the above 4.An alpha helix is an example of which type of structure? Primary Structure Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure Quaternary Structure Pental Structure...
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can...
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with Cl, Br, or 12, under acidic conditions. Using Br2 under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Not started curved arrows to show the movement...
Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? Once...
Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. Because an Sw2 substitution can best take place on the sphybridized carborwyl carbon of the acyl halide. Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, neither H" nor Rºcan function as a leaving group. so a substitution cannot take place. The carbonyl carbon of the...
super easy points Aldehydes and Ketones Classify each molecule as an aldehyde, ketone, or neither. Drag...
super easy points
Aldehydes and Ketones Classify each molecule as an aldehyde, ketone, or neither. Drag the appropriate molecules to their respective bins. Draw the aldehyde produced from the oxidation of CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)2CH2OH. Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all hydrogen atoms. Draw the ketone produced from the oxidation of 2-pentanol. Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all hydrogen atoms. Carboxylic Acids and...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions?...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
4 Show two different combinations of phosphorous ylides and aldehydes or ketones that would react to make the following compounds. a) b) 5 For each of the phosphorous ylides in Question 5, show how it would bE made from an alkyl halide and triphenylphosphine. Note any reaction that may not work well. Phosphines like triphenylphosphine are relatively good, relatively non-basic nucleophiles. Because a phosphorous atom is large, the three phenyl groups are only a minor steric issue
8. The interconversion of two constitutional isomers via the change in position of a lone pair and are bond is called 9. The enol form of carbonyl compounds make the a-carbon chemically behave as 10. The a-halogenation of aldehydes and ketones make their acarbon a(n) 11. Grignard reagents must be used in media strictly free of proton sources because they otherwise produce a 12. The Tollens reagent oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids and its reduction product is 13. Catalytic hydrogenation...
H3 C H2Br Br2, H30* HC X CH3 HzC CH3 H3C CH3 Aldehydes and ketones can be halogenated at their a-position by reaction with Cl, Br, or 12, under acidic conditions. Using Br2 under acidic conditions, an intermediate enol is formed which adds bromine at the a-position. The reaction stops after the addition of one bromine because the electron-withdrawing halogen decreases the basicity of the carbonyl oxygen, making the protonation less favorable. Not started curved arrows to show the movement...
Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while acyl chlorides undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. Because an Sw2 substitution can best take place on the sphybridized carborwyl carbon of the acyl halide. Once the nucleophile adds to the aldehyde, neither H" nor Rºcan function as a leaving group. so a substitution cannot take place. The carbonyl carbon of the...
super easy points
Aldehydes and Ketones Classify each molecule as an aldehyde, ketone, or neither. Drag the appropriate molecules to their respective bins. Draw the aldehyde produced from the oxidation of CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)2CH2OH. Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all hydrogen atoms. Draw the ketone produced from the oxidation of 2-pentanol. Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. Include all hydrogen atoms. Carboxylic Acids and...
9) 9) Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions, whereas esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? A) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. B) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H- nor R-can be eliminated because they are strongly basic. C) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. D) The ester carbonyl carbon is sp3 hybridized while the aldehyde carbonyl carbon is sp2 hybridized. E) Once the nucleophile adds to...
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